Inyoka iyaluma

Inyoka iyaluma xa inyoka iluma ulusu. Zingxamiseko zonyango ukuba inyoka inobuhlungu.

Izilwanyana ezinobungozi zenza inani elikhulu lokufa kunye nokulimala emhlabeni jikelele. Iinyoka zodwa ziqikelelwa ukuba zibulala i-2.5 yezigidi ngonyaka ngonyaka, zikhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abamalunga ne-125,000. Elona nani linokuba likhulu kakhulu. EMazantsi mpuma eAsia, eIndiya, eBrazil, kunye neendawo zaseAfrika zezona zinabantu abaninzi abafayo ngenxa yokulunywa yinyoka.

Ukulunywa yinyoka kunokuba yingozi xa kunganyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yobuncinci bomzimba wabo, abantwana basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufa okanye ubunzima obunzima ngenxa yokulunywa yinyoka.

I-antivenin efanelekileyo ingasindisa ubomi bomntu. Ukufika kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba uphathwe kakuhle, uninzi lwenyoka alunakuba neziphumo ezibi.

Nokuba ukulunywa yinyoka engenabungozi kunokubangela ukonzakala okukhulu.

Uninzi lweentlobo zeenyoka azinabungozi kwaye ukulunywa kwazo akububeki esichengeni ubomi.

Ukulunywa yinyoka yenyoka kubandakanya ukulunywa yiyo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Imfezi
• Ubhedu
• Inyoka yekorale
• ICottonmouth (i-moccasin yamanzi)
• Irattlesnake
• Iinyoka ezahlukeneyo ezifumaneka kwiindawo zokugcina izilwanyana

Uninzi lweenyoka luza kuthintela abantu ukuba kunokwenzeka, kodwa zonke iinyoka ziya kuluma njengendawo yokugqibela xa zisongelwa okanye zimangalisiwe. Ukuba ulunywe nayiphina inyoka, zithathe njengesiganeko esinzulu.

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwenyoka, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• Ukopha kwinxeba
• Umbono omfiliba
• Ukutsha kolusu
• Ukuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula)
• Urhudo
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukubila okugqithisileyo
• Ukufa isiqaqa
• Fang amanqaku kulusu
• Ifiva
• Ukwanda ukoma
• Ukuphulukana nokulungelelaniswa kwemisipha
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubudenge nokugungqa
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
• Ukufa kwamathambo
• Intlungu ebuhlungu
• Umbala wolusu
• Ukudumba kwindawo yokuluma
• Ubuthathaka

Ukulunywa kweRattlesnake kubuhlungu xa kusenzeka. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala kwangoko kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ukopha
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima
• Umbono omfiliba
• Ukujongwa kweenkophe
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubumdaka
• Intlungu kwindawo yokuluma
• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
• Utshintsho kumbala wolusu
• Ukudumba
• Ukulinganisa
• Umonakalo wethishu
• Unxaniwe
• Ukudinwa
• Ubuthathaka
• Ukubetha okubuthathaka

Ukulunywa kweCottonmouth kunye nentloko yobhedu kubuhlungu xa kusenzeka. Iimpawu, ezihlala ziqala kwangoko, zinokubandakanya:

• Ukopha
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubudenge nokugungqa
• Intlungu kwindawo yokuluma
• Umothuko
• Utshintsho kumbala wolusu
• Ukudumba
• Unxaniwe
• Ukudinwa
• Umonakalo wethishu
• Ubuthathaka
• Ukubetha okubuthathaka

Ukulunywa yinyoka yekorale kunokuba kungenabuhlungu ekuqaleni. Iimpawu ezinkulu zisenokungakhuli kangangeeyure. SUKWENZA impazamo yokucinga ukuba uyakulunga ukuba indawo yokuluma ibonakala intle kwaye awunantlungu ininzi. Ukulunywa inyoka enganyangekiyo kunokubulala. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Umbono omfiliba
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukozela
• Ukujongwa kweenkophe
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ukunkcenkceshela ngomlomo (ukugcwala ngamathe)
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubumdaka
• Intlungu kunye nokudumba kwindawo yokuluma
• Ukukhubazeka
• Umothuko
• Intetho egudileyo
• Ukuginya ubunzima
• Ukudumba kolwimi nomqala
• Ubuthathaka
• Utshintsho kumbala wolusu
• Ukulimala kwesikhumba
• Isisu okanye iintlungu zesisu
• Ukubetha okubuthathaka

Landela la manyathelo ukubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala:

1. Gcina umntu ezolile. Baqinisekise ukuba ukulunywa kunganyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kwigumbi likaxakeka. Thintela intshukumo, kwaye ugcine indawo echaphazelekayo ingezantsi kwentliziyo ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwetyhefu.

2. Susa nayiphi na imisesane okanye izinto ezixineneyo, kuba indawo echaphazelekayo inokudumba. Yenza into evulekileyo ukunceda ukuthintela intshukumo yendawo.

3. Ukuba indawo yokuluma iqala ukudumba kwaye itshintshe umbala, inyoka inokuba yayinobuhlungu.

4. Jongisisa iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu- iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, izinga lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi- ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ukuba kukho imiqondiso yothuko (njengokuqaqamba), mbeke umntu ethe tyaba, phakamisa iinyawo malunga neesentimitha ezingama-30, uze umgqume ngengubo umntu lowo.

5. Fumana uncedo lonyango ngokukhawuleza.

6. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, qaphela umbala, imilo kunye nobungakanani benyoka. Oku kunokunceda kunyango lokuluma. Sukuchitha ixesha uzingela inyoka, kwaye musa ukuyibambisa okanye ukuyichola. Ukuba inyoka ifile, lumka intloko - inyoka iyakwazi ukuluma (ukusuka kwisimo sengqondo) kangangeeyure ezininzi emva kokuba ifile.

Landela la manyathelo:

• MUSA ukuyichola inyoka okanye uzame ukuyibambisa.
• SUKULINDA ukuba kuvela iimpawu xa zilunyiwe. Funa unyango kwangoko.
• Musa ukuvumela umntu ukuba azibhokoxe ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, thwala loo mntu umse kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
• UNGAYENZI i-tourniquet.
• MUSA ukufaka uxinzelelo olubandayo xa ulunywa yinyoka.
• Sukuyifaka i-ice okanye ungene emanzini.
• Musa ukusika inyoka ngokuluma ngemela okanye ngesitshetshe.
• Ungazami ukufunxa ityhefu ngomlomo.
• MUSA ukumnika izinto ezikhuthazayo okanye amayeza eentlungu ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha ukuxelele njalo.
• MUSA ukumnika nantoni na umntu ngomlomo.
• MUSA ukuphakamisa indawo yokuluma ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lentliziyo yomntu.

Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba kukho umntu olunywe yinyoka. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, tsalela kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuze i-antivenin ibe ilungile xa umntu efika.

Iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wasimahla kwiNombolo yoNcedo (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States. Inombolo yomnxeba kazwelonke iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Ukuthintela ukulunywa ziinyoka:

• Ziphephe iindawo ezinokufihla kuzo iinyoka, ezinje phantsi kwamatye kunye neenkuni.
• Nangona uninzi lweenyoka lungeyongozi, kuphephe ukufunqula okanye ukudlala ngayo nayiphi na inyoka ngaphandle kokuba uqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo.
• Musa ukucaphukisa inyoka. Yilapho iinyoka ezininzi ziluma khona.
• Thepha phambi kwakho ngentonga yokuhamba ngaphambi kokungena kwindawo apho ungaboniyo iinyawo zakho. Iinyoka ziya kuzama ukukuthintela ukuba unikwe isilumkiso esaneleyo.
• Xa unyuka intaba kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba neenyoka, nxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde kunye neebhutsi ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Ukuluma - iinyoka; Inyoka inobuhlungu iyaluma

• Inyoka iluma emnweni
• Inyoka iluma emnweni
• Inyoka iluma
• Iinyoka ezinobuhlungu - uthotho
• Unyango lwe-Snakebite (yityhefu)

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Inyoka enobuhlungu. www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/symptoms.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 31, 2018. Kufikeleleke ngoDisemba 12, 2018.

I-Otten EJ. Ukulimala kwezilwanyana ezinobungozi. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 55.

Iibhola zeTibballs J. Envenomation. Ku: Bersten AD, Handy JM, ii-eds. Incwadana yoKhathalelo oluKhulu. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 86.