Anorexia

I-Anorexia sisifo sokutya esenza ukuba abantu banciphise ubunzima kunokuba kuthathwa njengempilo kubudala babo kunye nokuphakama.

Abantu abanesi sifo banokuba noloyiko olukhulu lokufumana ubunzima, kwanokuba batyebile. Banokutya okanye benze umthambo kakhulu okanye basebenzise ezinye iindlela ukunciphisa umzimba.

Oyena nobangela weanorexia aziwa. Zininzi izinto ezinokubandakanyeka. Imfuza kunye neehomoni zinokudlala indima. Izimo zengqondo zentlalo ezikhuthaza iintlobo zomzimba ezincinci kakhulu zinokubandakanyeka.

Imiba yomngcipheko weanorexia ibandakanya:

• Ukuxhalaba ngakumbi, okanye ukujonga ngakumbi, ubunzima kunye nokumila
• Ukuba nengxaki yoxinzelelo njengomntwana
• Ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni ongathandekiyo
• Ukuba neengxaki zokutya ebusaneni okanye ebusaneni
• Ukuba nemibono ethile yezentlalo okanye yenkcubeko malunga nempilo kunye nobuhle
• Ukuzama ukugqibelela okanye ukujonga kakhulu kwimithetho

I-Anorexia ihlala iqala ngexesha langaphambi kokufikisa okanye kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo okanye ebudaleni. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwabasetyhini, kodwa kunokubonwa nakwindoda.

Umntu oneanorexia uhlala:

• Unoloyiko olukhulu lokufumana ubunzima okanye ukutyeba, nokuba utyebile.
• Uyala ukugcina ubunzima kwinto ethathwa njengeqhelekileyo kubudala babo kunye nokuphakama (i-15% okanye ngaphezulu ngaphantsi kobunzima obuqhelekileyo).
• Unomfanekiso womzimba ogqwetheke kakhulu, ujolise kakhulu kubunzima bomzimba okanye imilo, kwaye uyala ukuvuma ingozi yokwehla kobunzima.

Abantu abaneanorexia banokunciphisa kakhulu ukutya abakutyayo. Okanye bayatya emva koko bazenze baphose. Ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha zibandakanya:

• Ukusika ukutya kube ngamaqhekeza amancinci okanye ukuhambisa ipleyiti endaweni yokutya
• Ukuzilolonga ngalo lonke ixesha, nokuba imozulu imbi, bayonzakala, okanye ishedyuli yabo ixakekile
• Ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela kanye emva kokutya
• Ukwala ukutya kufutshane nabanye abantu
• Ukusebenzisa iipilisi ukuzichamela (iipilisi zamanzi, okanye i-diuretics), ukunyakaza kwesisu (i-enemas kunye ne-laxatives), okanye ukunciphisa ukutya kwabo (iipilisi zokutya)

Ezinye iimpawu zeanorexia zinokubandakanya:

• Isikhumba esimnyama okanye esimthubi esomileyo kwaye sigqunywe ziinwele ezintle
• Ukudideka okanye ukucinga kancinci, kunye nenkumbulo engeyiyo okanye ukugweba
• Uxinzelelo
• Umlomo owomileyo
• Ubuntununtunu obugqithisileyo kubanda (ukunxiba iimpahla ezininzi ukuze uhlale ushushu)
• Ukucutha amathambo (i-osteoporosis)
• Ukuphela kwemisipha kunye nokulahleka kwamafutha omzimba

Uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe ukunceda ukufumana unobangela wokulahleka kobunzima, okanye ubone ukuba yeyiphi na ilahleko ebangele ukubakho. Uninzi lwezi mvavanyo luya kuphindwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ukumjonga umntu.

Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Ialbhamu
• Uvavanyo lokuxinana kwamathambo ukukhangela amathambo amancinci (i-osteoporosis)
• I-CBC
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Ii-Electrolyte
• Uvavanyo lwezintso
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Iiproteni zizonke
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-thyroid
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo

Owona mceli mngeni kunyango lwe-anorexia nervosa kukunceda umntu aqonde ukuba unesifo. Uninzi lwabantu abane-anorexia bayala ukuba banengxaki yokutya. Bahlala befuna unyango kuphela xa imeko yabo imbi.

Iinjongo zonyango kukubuyisela ubunzima bomzimba oqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokutya. Ukufumana ubunzima be-1 ukuya kwi-3 yeepawundi (lb) okanye i-0.5 ukuya kwi-1.5 yeekhilogram (kg) ngeveki kuthathwa njengeyona njongo ikhuselekileyo.

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ziyilelwe ukunyanga i-anorexia. Oku kunokubandakanya naliphi na kula manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukonyusa imisebenzi yentlalo
• Ukunciphisa isixa somsebenzi womzimba
• Sebenzisa iishedyuli zokutya

Ukuqala, ukuhlala nje esibhedlele kungacetyiswa. Oku kulandelwa yinkqubo yonyango yosuku.

Ukuhlala ixesha elide esibhedlele kunokufuneka ukuba:

• Umntu uphulukene nobunzima obuninzi (ukuba ngaphantsi kwama-70% obunzima bomzimba wabo wobudala kunye nokuphakama). Ukungondleki okunamandla nokubeka ubomi esichengeni, umntu unokufuna ukondliwa ngemithambo okanye ityhubhu yesisu.
• Ukwehla kobunzima kuyaqhubeka, nokuba kunyango.
• Iingxaki zonyango, ezinjengeengxaki zentliziyo, ukudideka, okanye amanqanaba asezantsi e-potassium.
• Umntu unexinzelelo kakhulu okanye ucinga ngokuzibulala.

Ababoneleli ngononophelo abahlala bethatha inxaxheba kwezi nkqubo kubandakanya:

• Abongikazi
• Oogqirha
• Abancedisi bamagqirha
• Iingcali zokutya
• Ababoneleli ngempilo yengqondo

Unyango ludla ngokuba nzima kakhulu. Abantu neentsapho zabo kufuneka basebenze nzima. Unyango oluninzi lunokuzama de kube kuphantsi kolawulo.

Abantu banokuyeka iinkqubo ukuba banethemba lokufumana unyango "lonyango" kuphela.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwentetho zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abane-anorexia:

• Ukunyanga kokuziphatha kwengqondo (uhlobo lonyango lokuthetha), unyango lweqela, kunye nonyango losapho konke kube yimpumelelo.
• Injongo yonyango kukutshintsha iingcinga zomntu okanye indlela aziphethe ngayo ukubakhuthaza ukuba batye ngendlela esempilweni. Olu hlobo lonyango luluncedo ngakumbi ekunyangeni abantu abancinci abangakhange babe ne-anorexia ixesha elide.
• Ukuba umntu umncinci, unyango lunokubandakanya lonke usapho. Usapho lubonwa njengenxalenye yesisombululo, endaweni yesizathu sokuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo.
• Amaqela enkxaso angaba yinxalenye yonyango. Kumaqela enkxaso, izigulana kunye neentsapho ziyahlangana kwaye zabelane ngoko kudlule kuko.

Amayeza anje ngexinzelelo, i-antipsychotic, kunye nokuzinzisa imood kunokunceda abanye abantu xa benikwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo epheleleyo yonyango. La mayeza anokunceda ekunyangeni uxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo. Nangona amayeza enokunceda, akukho nanye eqinisekisiweyo yokwehlisa umnqweno wokunciphisa umzimba.

Uxinzelelo lokugula lunokuncitshiswa ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

I-Anorexia yimeko enzulu enokusongela ubomi. Iinkqubo zonyango zinokunceda abantu abanemeko ukuba babuyele kubunzima obuqhelekileyo. Kodwa kuqhelekile ukuba isifo sibuye.

Abasetyhini abaphuhlisa le ngxaki yokutya besebancinci banethuba elingcono lokuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Uninzi lwabantu abane-anorexia luya kuqhubeka nokukhetha ubunzima bomzimba osezantsi kwaye bajolise kakhulu kukutya nakwiikhalori.

Ukulawulwa kobunzima kunokuba nzima. Unyango lwexesha elide lunokufuneka ukuze uhlale kubunzima obusempilweni.

Ianorexia inokuba yingozi. Ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zempilo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kubandakanya:

• Ithambo liyehla
• Ukuhla kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ezikhokelela kumngcipheko wokosuleleka
• Inqanaba eliphantsi le potassium egazini, elinokubangela izingqisho zentliziyo eziyingozi
• Ukunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nolwelo emzimbeni (ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni)
• Ukungabikho kweeprotheyini, iivithamini, iiminerals, kunye nezinye izakha mzimba ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni (ukungondleki)
• Ukuhlutha ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi okanye ukulahleka kwesodium kwisifo sorhudo okanye ukugabha okuphindaphindiweyo
• Iingxaki ze-thyroid
• Ukubola kwamazinyo

Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba umntu omkhathaleleyo ngu:

• Ujolise kakhulu kubunzima
• Ukuzilolonga kakhulu
• Ukunciphisa ukutya akutyayo
• Ukutyeba kakhulu

Ukufumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko kunokwenza ukuba ingxaki yokutya ingabi qatha.

Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya - ianorexia amanosa

• myPlate

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