Ukutshiswa lilanga

Ukutshiswa lilanga kukubomvu krwe kwesikhumba okwenzeka emva kokuba ubekwe kakhulu elangeni okanye kolunye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.

Iimpawu zokuqala zokutshiswa lilanga zisenokungabonakali kangangeeyure ezimbalwa. Iziphumo ezipheleleyo kulusu lwakho zinokungabonakali kangangeeyure ezingama-24 okanye nangaphezulu. Iimpawu ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• Olubomvu, ulusu olufudumeleyo olufudumeleyo ngaphandle kwebala
• Amadyungudyungu aphuhlisa iiyure ukuya kwiintsuku kamva
• Ukuphendula ngamandla (ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yityhefu yelanga), kubandakanya umkhuhlane, ukugodola, isicaphucaphu, okanye irhashalala
• Ulusu luxobuka kwiindawo ezitshiswe lilanga kwiintsuku ezininzi emva kokutshiswa lilanga

Iimpawu zokutshiswa lilanga zidla ngokuba zezokwexeshana. Kodwa umonakalo kwiiseli zolusu zihlala zisisigxina, ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi zexesha elide. Oku kubandakanya umhlaza wolusu kunye nokuguga kwangaphambili kolusu. Ngexesha ulusu luqala ukuba buhlungu kwaye lubomvu, umonakalo sele wenzekile. Ubuhlungu bunzima phakathi kweeyure ezingama-6 ukuya kwezi-48 emva kokuvezwa lilanga.

Ukutshiswa lilanga xa isixa sokuvezwa lilanga okanye omnye umthombo wokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ungaphaya kwamandla e-melanin ukukhusela ulusu. I-Melanin ngumbala okhuselayo wolusu (i-pigment). Ukutshiswa lilanga kumntu okhanyayo kakhulu kunokubakho kwimizuzu engaphantsi kwe-15 yokutshiswa lilanga emini, ngelixa umntu onesikhumba esimnyama enokukunyamezela ukubonakaliswa okufanayo kangangeeyure.

Gcinga ezingqondweni:

• Akukho nto injenge "tan enempilo." Ukuvezwa lilanga ngokungakhuselekanga kubangela ukuguga kwangaphambili kolusu kunye nomhlaza wolusu.
• Ukuvezwa lilanga kunokubangela ukutshiswa kwesidanga sokuqala kunye nesesibini.
• Umhlaza wolusu uhlala ubonakala ebudaleni. Kodwa, kubangelwa kukuvezwa lilanga kunye nokutshiswa lilanga okwaqala kwasebuntwaneni.

Izinto ezenza ukuba ukutshiswa lilanga kube lula:

• Iintsana nabantwana banomdla kakhulu kwiziphumo zokutsha kwelanga.
• Abantu abanolusu olukhanyayo kunokwenzeka ukuba batshiswe lilanga. Kodwa nolusu olumnyama nolumnyama lunokutsha kwaye kufuneka lukhuselwe.
• Imitha yelanga yomelele ebudeni beeyure ezili-10 kusasa ukuya kweyesi-4 emva kwemini. Imitha yelanga nayo yomelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo nakwiindawo ezisezantsi (kufutshane neikhweyitha). Ukubonakalisa amanzi, isanti, okanye ikhephu kunokwenza imitha yelanga evuthayo yomelele.
• Izibane zelanga zinokubangela ukutshiswa lilanga kakhulu.
• Amanye amayeza (njenge-doxycycline ye-antibiotic) angenza ulusu lwakho lutshiswe lula lilanga.
• Ezinye zeemeko zonyango (ezinjenge lupus) zinokukwenza ube nolwazelelelo ngakumbi elangeni.

Ukuba ufumana ukutshiswa lilanga:

• Thatha ishawa epholileyo okanye ibhafu okanye ubeke ilaphu emanzi ecocekileyo, epholileyo xa usitsha.
• MUSA ukusebenzisa iimveliso eziqulathe benzocaine okanye lidocaine. Oku kunokubangela ukungabikho komzimba kwabanye abantu kwaye kubangele ukutshisa.
• Ukuba kukho i-blister, iibhandeji ezomileyo zinokunceda ukuthintela usulelo.
• Ukuba ulusu lwakho alunamadyungudyiso, ikrimu yokuthambisa inokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungonwabi. UNGAYisebenzisi ibhotolo, ipetroleum jelly (iVaseline), okanye ezinye iimveliso ezisekwe kwioyile. Ezi zinokuthintela ii-pores ukwenzela ukuba ubushushu kunye nokubila kungakwazi ukuphuma, nto leyo enokubangela usulelo. Sukukhetha okanye ususe eyona ndawo iphambili yamadyunguza.
• Iikhrimu ezineevithamini C kunye no-E zinokunceda ukunciphisa umda kwiiseli zolusu.
• Amayeza e-counter-counter, afana ne-ibuprofen okanye i-acetaminophen, anceda ukunciphisa iintlungu zelanga. UNGABANIKI i-aspirin abantwana.
• Amafutha eCortisone anokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba.
• Impahla yomqhaphu ekhululekileyo kufuneka inxitywe.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi.

Iindlela zokuthintela ukutshiswa lilanga zibandakanya:

• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ebanzi ye-SPF 30 okanye ngaphezulu. Iscreen selanga esibanzi sikhusela kuzo zombini i-UVB kunye nemitha ye-UVA.
• Faka isicelo sobuninzi bescreen selanga ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo ulusu olutyhilekileyo. Faka isicelo kwakhona kwi-sunscreen qho kwiiyure ezi-2 okanye rhoqo njengoko ilebhile isitsho.
• Faka isicelo kwakhona kwi-sunscreen emva kokuqubha okanye ukubila nokuba sele kusibekele.
• Sebenzisa i-lip balm kunye ne-sunscreen.
• Thwala umnqwazi onomphetho obanzi kunye nezinye iimpahla ezikhuselayo. Impahla ekhanyayo ibonisa ilanga ngokukuko.
• Hlala ngaphandle elangeni ngexesha leeyure xa imitha yelanga yomelele phakathi kwe-10 kusasa kunye ne-4 emva kwemini.
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezikhusela i-UV.

Tsalela umnxeba ukhathalelo lwempilo ngoko nangoko ukuba unefiva enelanga. Fowuna kwakhona ukuba ngaba kukho imiqondiso yokothuka, ukudinwa kobushushu, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, okanye ezinye iimpendulo ezinzulu. Le miqondiso ibandakanya:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe okanye ndinesiyezi
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ukunxanwa kakhulu, akukho mveliso yokuchama, okanye amehlo atshonile
• Pale, clammy, okanye ulusu olupholileyo
• Isihlunu, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, okanye ukukhawuleza
• Amehlo akho abuhlungu kwaye anomdla ekukhanyeni
• Amadyungudyungu abukhali, abuhlungu

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ajonge ulusu lwakho. Unokubuzwa malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu ezikhoyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukutsha kwelanga kwenzeke nini?
• Kukangaphi utshiswa lilanga?
• Ngaba unamadyungudyungu?
• Ungakanani umzimba otshiswe lilanga?
• Ngawaphi amayeza owasebenzisayo?
• Ngaba usebenzisa isithinteli selanga okanye i-sunscreen? Uhlobo olunjani? Yomelele kangakanani?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu onazo?

Erythema yelanga; Ukutsha kwilanga

• Ukutsha
• Ukukhusela ilanga
• Umhlaza wolusu, imelanoma kwiinzipho
• Umhlaza wolusu, ukuvala i-lentigo maligna melanoma
• Umhlaza wolusu-ukuvalwa kwenqanaba lesithathu le-melanoma
• Umhlaza wolusu-ukuvala kwinqanaba le-IV melanoma
• Umhlaza wolusu - imelanoma isasazeka ngokungaphezulu
• Ukutshiswa lilanga
• Ukutshiswa lilanga

Iwebhusayithi yaseAmerican Academy yeDermatology. Ii-FAQs ze-sunscreen. www.aad.org/sun-protection/sunscreen-faqs. Kufunyenwe ngoDisemba 23, 2019.

IHabif TP. Izifo ezinxulumene nokukhanya kunye nokuphazamiseka kombala. Ku: Habif TP, ed. I-Clinical Dermatology: Isikhokelo sombala wokufumanisa isifo kunye nonyango. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 19.

IKrakowski AC, iGoldenberg A. Ukuboniswa kwimitha yelanga. Ku: IAuerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, ii-eds. Amayeza ase-Auerbach Wilderness. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 16.