Echocardiogram - abantwana

I-echocardiogram luvavanyo olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso yentliziyo. Isetyenziselwa nabantwana ukunceda ukufumanisa iziphene zentliziyo ezikhoyo ngexesha lokuzalwa (ukuzalwa). Umfanekiso uneenkcukacha ngakumbi kunomfanekiso oqhelekileyo we-x-ray. I-echocardiogram nayo ayivezi abantwana kwimitha.

Umboneleli wezempilo womntwana wakho angenza uvavanyo kwikliniki, esibhedlele, okanye kwiziko lokugula. I-Echocardiography ebantwaneni yenziwa nokuba umntwana alale phantsi okanye elele ethangeni lomzali. Le ndlela inokunceda ukubathuthuzela kwaye ibagcine bethe cwaka.

Kuvavanyo ngalunye, ugqirha wezandla uqhuba uvavanyo. Ugqirha wezentliziyo uguqula iziphumo.

I-ECHOCARDIOGRAM YOKUGQIBELA (TTE)

I-TTE luhlobo lwe-echocardiogram uninzi lwabantwana oluya kuba nayo.

• I-sonographer ibeka ijeli kwiimbambo zomntwana kufutshane nethambo lesifuba kwindawo ejikeleze intliziyo. Isixhobo esiphethwe ngesandla, esibizwa ngokuba yi-transducer, sicinezelwe kwijel esifubeni somntwana kwaye sijolise entliziyweni. Esi sixhobo sikhupha amaza esandi ahamba ngesantya esiphezulu.
• I-transducer ithatha isandi samaza esandi abuya entliziyweni nakwimithambo yegazi.
• Umatshini we-echocardiography uguqula ezi ntshukumisa zibe yimifanekiso eshukumayo yentliziyo. Kusathathwa imifanekiso.
• Imifanekiso inokuba mbini okanye-ntathu.
• Yonke le nkqubo ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40.

Uvavanyo luvumela umboneleli ukuba abone ukubetha kwentliziyo. Ikwabonisa ii-valves zentliziyo kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, imiphunga, iimbambo, okanye izicwili zomzimba zinokuthintela amaza esandi ekuveliseni umfanekiso ocacileyo wentliziyo. Kule meko, i-sonographer inokujova inani elincinci lolwelo (idayi eyahlukileyo) nge-IV ukubona ngcono ngaphakathi kwentliziyo.

I-ECHOCARDIOGRAM YOKUGQIBELA (TEE)

I-TEE lolunye uhlobo lwe-echocardiogram abanokuba nayo abantwana. Uvavanyo lwenziwa ngomntwana olele phantsi kokuthanjiswa.

• I-sonographer iya kubamba umva womqala womntwana wakho kwaye ifake ityhubhu encinci kumbhobho wokutya womntwana (umqala). Isiphelo setyhubhu siqulethe isixhobo sokuthumela amaza esandi.
• Amaza esandi abonisa ukwakheka kwentliziyo kwaye aboniswa kwiscreen njengemifanekiso yentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
• Kuba umqala ulungile emva kwentliziyo, le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukufumana imifanekiso ecacileyo yentliziyo.

Unokuthatha la manyathelo ukulungiselela umntwana wakho ngaphambi kwenkqubo:

• Musa ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba atye okanye asele nantoni na ngaphambi kokuba abe ne-TEE.
• Sukusebenzisa ikhrimu okanye ioyile kumntwana wakho phambi koviwo.
• Chaza uvavanyo ngokubanzi kubantwana abadala ukuze baqonde ukuba kufuneka bahlale bethe cwaka ngexesha lovavanyo.
• Abantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala banokufuna amayeza (ukuthomalalisa) ukubanceda bahlale bethe cwaka kwimifanekiso ecace gca.
• Nika abantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-4 into yokudlala ukuba bayibambe okanye babukele iividiyo ezibanceda bahlale bezolile kwaye bephakathi kovavanyo.

• Umntwana wakho kuya kufuneka asuse naziphi na iimpahla esinqeni aze alale phantsi kwitafile yeemviwo.
• I-Electrodes ziya kufakwa esifubeni somntwana wakho ukuze zibeke esweni ukubetha kwentliziyo.
• Ijeli ifakwe kwisifuba somntwana. Kungabanda. Intloko ye-transducer iya kucinezelwa phezu kwejeli. Umntwana unokuziva enoxinzelelo ngenxa ye-transducer.
• Abantwana abancinci banokuziva bengazinzanga ngexesha lovavanyo. Abazali kufuneka bazame ukugcina umntwana ezolile ngexesha lovavanyo.

Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuvavanya umsebenzi, iivevithi zentliziyo, imithambo yegazi ephambili, kunye namagumbi entliziyo yomntwana evela ngaphandle komzimba.

• Umntwana wakho unokuba neempawu okanye iimpawu zeengxaki zentliziyo.
• Oku kunokubandakanya ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukukhula okungalunganga, ukudumba kwemilenze, ukumbombozela kwentliziyo, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ujikeleze imilebe xa ukhala, iintlungu zesifuba, umkhuhlane ongachazwanga, okanye iintsholongwane ezikhula kuvavanyo lwenkcubeko yegazi.

Umntwana wakho unokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki zentliziyo ngenxa yovavanyo olungaqhelekanga lofuzo okanye ezinye iziphene zokuzalwa ezikhoyo.

Umboneleli unokucebisa i-TEE ukuba:

• I-TTE ayicacanga. Iziphumo ezingacacanga zinokubangelwa yimilo yesifuba somntwana, isifo semiphunga, okanye amafutha omzimba agqithisileyo.
• Indawo yentliziyo ifuna ukujongwa ngakumbi.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zithetha ukuba akukho ziphene kwiiveluvu zentliziyo okanye kumagumbi kwaye kukho ukuhamba kwodonga lwentliziyo oluqhelekileyo.

I-echocardiogram engaqhelekanga emntwaneni inokuthetha izinto ezininzi. Ezinye iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zincinci kakhulu kwaye azibeki mngcipheko mkhulu. Eminye imiqondiso yesifo sentliziyo. Kule meko, umntwana uya kufuna iimvavanyo ezininzi yingcali. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha malunga neziphumo ze-echocardiogram kunye nomboneleli womntwana wakho.

I-echocardiogram inokukunceda ukufumanisa:

• Iipavini zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Iziphene zokuzalwa kwentliziyo
• Ukudumba (i-pericarditis) okanye i-fluid engxoweni ejikeleze intliziyo (i-pericardial effusion)
• Usulelo kwi-valves zentliziyo
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yegazi ukuya emiphungeni
• Intliziyo inokumpompa kakuhle
• Umthombo wehlwili legazi emva kokubetha okanye i-TIA

I-TTE ebantwaneni ayinabungozi.

I-TEE yinkqubo ehlaselayo. Kukho iingozi ezithile kolu vavanyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nomngcipheko onxulumene nolu vavanyo.

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) - abantwana; Echocardiogram - transthoracic - abantwana; I-Doppler ultrasound yentliziyo - abantwana; Umphezulu echo - abantwana

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IWebb GD, i-Smallhorn JF, iTherrien J, iRedington AN. Isifo sentliziyo esibelekwe kumntu omkhulu nakwisigulana sabantwana. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 75.