Buza ingcali: Ukwamkela kunye nokuNyanga iHyperkalemia

Umxholo

• 1. Zeziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zehyperkalemia?
• 2. Luluphi unyango olufumanekayo kwihyperkalemia?
• 3. Zeziphi iimpawu zesilumkiso sehyperkalemia?
• 4. Ndazi njani ukuba ndinehyperkalemia?
• 5. Yintoni endifanele ukuyifaka ekudleni kwam ukunceda ukunciphisa i-potassium?
• 6. Kukuphi ukutya endifanele ndikuphephe?
• 7. Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokunganyangeki kwe-hyperkalemia?
• 8. Ngaba lukhona olunye utshintsho kwindlela endinokuyenza ukuthintela i-hyperkalemia?

1. Zeziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zehyperkalemia?

I-Hyperkalemia yenzeka xa amanqanaba e-potassium egazini lakho ephezulu kakhulu. Kukho oonobangela abaninzi behyperkalemia, kodwa oonobangela abathathu abaphambili zezi:

• ukuthatha i-potassium eninzi kakhulu
• Ukutshintsha kwe potassium ngenxa yokopha okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• ukungakwazi ukukhupha i-potassium ngokusebenzisa izintso zakho ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yesifo sezintso

Ukuphakanyiswa okungamanga kwe potassium kubonakala kwiziphumo zebhu. Oku kwaziwa njenge pseudohyperkalemia. Xa umntu enofundo oluphezulu lwe-potassium, ugqirha uya kuyiphinda ayiqwalasele ukuze aqiniseke ukuba lixabiso eliyinyani.

Amanye amayeza anokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium ngokunjalo. Oku kudla ngokubakho kwimeko yomntu onesifo esibuhlungu okanye esinganyangekiyo sezintso.

2. Luluphi unyango olufumanekayo kwihyperkalemia?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango lwehyperkalemia. Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uya kuqinisekisa ukuba i-hyperkalemia khange ibangele naluphi na utshintsho lwentliziyo ngokuba uye kwi-EKG. Ukuba uphuhlisa isingqisho sentliziyo esingazinzanga ngenxa yamanqanaba aphakamileyo e-potassium, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika unyango lwe-calcium ukuze uzinzise isingqisho sentliziyo yakho.

Ukuba akukho lutshintsho lwentliziyo, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika i-insulin elandelwe kukufakwa kweglucose. Oku kunceda ukwehlisa amanqanaba e-potassium ngokukhawuleza.

Ukulandela oku, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iyeza lokususa i-potassium emzimbeni wakho. Okukhethwa kukho kubandakanya i-loop okanye i-thiazide diuretic iyeza okanye i-cation exchanger iyeza. Abatshintshi be-cation abafumanekayo baba patiromer (Veltassa) okanye isodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma).

3. Zeziphi iimpawu zesilumkiso sehyperkalemia?

Amaxesha amaninzi akukho miqondiso ilumkisayo yehyperkalemia. Abantu abane-hyperkalemia emnene okanye elinganiselweyo abanakuba nayo nayiphi na imiqondiso yale meko.

Ukuba umntu unalo utshintsho oluphezulu ngokwaneleyo kumanqanaba e potassium, banokufumana ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukudinwa, okanye isicaphucaphu. Abantu banokuba notshintsho lwentliziyo ye-EKG ebonisa ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-arrhythmia.

4. Ndazi njani ukuba ndinehyperkalemia?

Ukuba unehyperkalemia enzima, iimpawu zibandakanya ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka kunye nokuhla kweethonlex reflexes. IHyperkalemia nayo inokubangela ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga. Ukuba i-hyperkalemia yakho ibangela utshintsho lwentliziyo, uyakufumana unyango kwangoko ukunqanda isingqisho senhliziyo esinokubangela ukubanjwa kwentliziyo.

5. Yintoni endifanele ukuyifaka ekudleni kwam ukunceda ukunciphisa i-potassium?

Ukuba unehyperkalemia, oogqirha baya kukucebisa ukuba uphephe ukutya okuthile okuphezulu kwi-potassium. Unokuqinisekisa ukuba usele amanzi amaninzi. Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokwenza i-hyperkalemia ibe mandundu.

Akukho ukutya okuthile okuza kunciphisa inqanaba lakho le-potassium, kodwa kukho ukutya okuqulethe amanqanaba asezantsi e-potassium. Umzekelo, ii-apile, amajikijolo, icauliflower, irayisi, kunye nepasta zizonke ukutya okune-potassium encinci. Okwangoku, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ubungakanani besabelo sakho xa usitya oku kutya.

6. Kukuphi ukutya endifanele ndikuphephe?

Kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uyakuphepha ukutya okuphezulu kwi-potassium. Oku kubandakanya iziqhamo ezinje ngeebhanana, ii-kiwis, iimango, i-cantaloupe, kunye neeorenji. Imifuno ephezulu kwi-potassium ibandakanya isipinatshi, iitumato, iitapile, ibroccoli, ii-beet, iiavokhado, iminqathe, isikwashi kunye neembotyi zelima.

Kwakhona, iziqhamo ezomisiweyo, ulwandle, amandongomane, kunye nenyama ebomvu zityebile kwi-potassium. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika uluhlu olupheleleyo lokutya okuphezulu kwe-potassium.

7. Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokunganyangeki kwe-hyperkalemia?

I-Hyperkalemia enganyangeki kakuhle inokubangela isifo se-arrythmia esibi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubanjweni kwentliziyo kunye nokufa.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba iziphumo zakho zebhu zibonisa i-hyperkalemia, kuya kufuneka ufumane unyango kwangoko. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga amanqanaba akho e-potassium kwakhona ukuze akhuphe i-pseudohyperkalemia. Kodwa ukuba unayo i-hyperkalemia, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhubeka nonyango ukuzisa amanqanaba e-potassium phantsi.

8. Ngaba lukhona olunye utshintsho kwindlela endinokuyenza ukuthintela i-hyperkalemia?

Ukuvela kwehyperkalemia ngaphakathi kubemi ngokubanzi kusezantsi. Uninzi lwabantu lunokutya ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-potassium okanye kumayeza ngaphandle kwamanqanaba e-potassium anyukayo. Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-hyperkalemia ngabo banezifo zezintso ezibi okanye ezinganyangekiyo.

Unokusithintela isifo sezintso ngokukhokelela kwindlela yokuphila esempilweni. Oku kubandakanya ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuzilolonga, ukunqanda iimveliso zecuba, ukunciphisa utywala, kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni.

U-Alana Biggers, MD, MPH, FACP, ngumfundi osafundayo kwaye uncedisa unjingalwazi kwezamayeza kwiYunivesithi yaseIllinois-Chicago (UIC) kwiKholeji yoNyango, apho wafumana isidanga se-MD. Ukwanazo ne-Master of Health Public kwizifo ezingapheliyo zesifo esivela kwiTulane University School of Health Public and Tropical Medicine kwaye wagqiba ubudlelwane bezempilo kuluntu kumaziko oLawulo lweZifo noKhuseleko (CDC). UGqr Biggers unomdla kuphando lokwahluka kwezempilo kwaye ngoku unesibonelelo se-NIH sophando kwisifo seswekile kunye nokulala.