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Umxholo

• Ubunzulu, ukujonga jikelele kwihlabathi lezithako ezithintela i-UV
• 1. I-Tinosorb S kunye noM
• Iinyani ezikhawulezayo
  
• 2. UMexoryl SX
• Iinyani ezikhawulezayo
  
• 3. Ioksijini
• Iinyani ezikhawulezayo
  
• 4. I-Octinoxate
• Iinyani ezikhawulezayo
  
• 5. I-Avobenzone
• Iinyani ezikhawulezayo
  
• 6. Titanium dioxide
• Iinyani ezikhawulezayo
  
• 7. Zinc oxide
• Iinyani ezikhawulezayo
  
• I-8 kunye ne-9 PABA kunye ne-trolamine salicylate PABA
• Iinyani ezikhawulezayo
  
• Kutheni le nto ukuvunywa kwesithako selanga kuntsonkothe ​​kangaka e-US?
• Okwangoku, abasebenzisi be-sunscreen njengathi kufuneka bazifundise ngezithako ze-sunscreen kunye namanyathelo othintelo

Ubunzulu, ukujonga jikelele kwihlabathi lezithako ezithintela i-UV

Usenokuba sele uzazi iziseko: I-sunscreen yinkqubo yokukhusela ukukhusela ulusu kwimitha yelanga ye-ultraviolet (UV).

Ezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zemitha ye-ultraviolet, i-UVA kunye ne-UVB, zonakalisa ulusu, zibangela ukwaluphala ngaphambi kwexesha, kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu. Kwaye le mitha idibana nolusu lwakho unyaka wonke, nokuba kunamafu okanye ungaphakathi (eminye imitha ye-UV inokungena ngeglasi).

Kodwa ukukhetha i-sunscreen akukho lula njengokuthatha nayiphi na ibhotile eshalofini. Ayizizo zonke izithako zokukhusela ilanga ezineenzuzo ezifanayo, umngcipheko, okanye imiyalelo.

Ngapha koko, ezinye izithako zinokunceda ukuthintela ukutshisa kodwa kungaguga, ngelixa ezinye zithathwa njengekhuselekileyo ebantwini, kodwa hayi kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ke ulusu lwakho lwazi njani ukuba lusebenza ntoni? Sinomqolo wakho kuzo zonke izinto ezivunyiweyo, ezingavunyelwanga, kunye nenqanaba lokungena ngaphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. I-FYI: Uninzi lweefomathi zenziwe ubuncinci ubuncinci bezinto zokucoca i-UV.

1. I-Tinosorb S kunye noM

Kufunyenwe kwimichiza yelanga

Esinye sezona zithako zithandwayo zaseYurophu, i-Tinosorb S inokuzikhusela kwimitha ye-UVB kunye ne-UVA, inde kwaye imfutshane, isenza ukuba sibe sesinye sezona zithako zilungileyo zokuthintela ukonakaliswa lilanga. I-Tinosorb ikwanceda ukuzinzisa ezinye izihluzo ze-sunscreen kwaye ivumelekile kwimixokelelwano efikelela kwiipesenti ezili-10.

Nangona kunjalo, i-FDA ayisamkelanga esi sithako ngezizathu ezininzi, icaphula, ngokweNewsweek, "ukunqongophala kolwazi" kwaye kucelwa kuphela "isigqibo, hayi ukuvunywa."

Isithako sihlala songezwa kwi-sunscreen ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwayo kwaye ayisayi kuqhagamshelwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko ephezulu yomngcipheko.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

• Kuvunyiwe kwi: Ostreliya, iJapan, iYurophu
• Ukuthintelwa kwi: eunited States
• Eyona ilungele: Izibonelelo ze-Antioxidant kunye nokuthintela ukonakaliswa lilanga
• Ikorale ikhuselekile? Yaziwa

2. UMexoryl SX

Kufunyenwe kwimichiza yelanga

I-Mexoryl SX sisihluzo se-UV esisetyenziswa kwizithambiso zelanga nakwizinto zokuthambisa kwihlabathi jikelele. Inobuchule bokuthintela imitha ye-UVA1, yona yimitha yelitha ekhuthaza ukuguga kolusu.

A ibonakalise ukuba sisifunxi se-UV esisebenzayo kwaye silungele ukuthintela ukonakala kwelanga.

Ngelixa esi sithako besisasazwa eYurophu ukusukela ngo-1993, i-FDA khange ivume esi sithako se-L'Oréal kude kube ngo-2006. Kwezonyango, kuye kwavunyelwa abantu abadala nabantwana abangaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala.

Jonga nge: Avobenzone. Xa kudityaniswe ne-avobenzone, ukukhuselwa kwe-UVA kokubini kwezithako.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

• Kuvunyiwe kwi: IUnited States, iOstreliya, iYurophu, neJapan
• Ukuthintelwa kwi: Akukho nanye
• Eyona ilungele: Uthintelo lokonakaliswa lilanga
• Ikorale ikhuselekile? Ewe

3. Ioksijini

Kufunyenwe kwizikrini zelanga

I-Oxybenzone, ihlala ifunyenwe kwimibala ebanzi yelanga, inceda ukucoca zombini i-UVB kunye nemitha ye-UVA (ngakumbi i-UVA emfutshane). Ikwayenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo, efumaneka kuninzi lwee-sunscreen kwimakethi yase-US kwaye inokwenza iipesenti ezi-6 zebhotile.

Nangona kunjalo, iHawaii isivalile esi sithako emva kophononongo, olwenziwe yilebhu yeNdalo esingqongileyo yeHaereticus, yafumanisa ukuba isithako sinegalelo ekuqaqambiseni nasekufakeni ityhefu kwiingqaqa zekorale. Ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo, uya kufuna ukunqanda esi sithako kwaye ujonge ii-sunscreen "eziluhlaza".

Kutshanje, kufunyenwe ukuba ulusu lwethu luthatha izithako ezisebenzisa i-sunscreen njenge-oxybenzone. Oku kubangele umdla wokhuseleko kwii-sunscreen "ezikhuselekileyo", ngaphandle kophononongo oluchazayo ukuba akukho monakalo ufumanekileyo kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba "ezi ziphumo azibonisi ukuba abantu mabayeke ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen."

qinisekisa ukuba i-oxybenzone ayibonisi ngokubonakalayo ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

• Kuvunyiwe kwi: I-United States (ngaphandle kweHawaii), i-Australia, i-Yurophu
• Uthintelwe kwi: Japhan
• Eyona ilungele: Ukulimala kwelanga kunye nokutshisa ukuthintela
• Ikorale ikhuselekile? Hayi, inokuthi ichaphazele neentlanzi
• Isilumkiso: Iintlobo zolusu ezibuthathaka ziya kufuna ukutsiba iifomula kunye nesi sithako

4. I-Octinoxate

Kufunyenwe kwimichiza yelanga

I-Octinoxate yinto yokuthambisa ye-UVB eqhelekileyo kwaye inamandla, oko kuthetha ukuba iyasebenza kuthintelo lokonakaliswa lilanga. Ukudityaniswa ne-avobenzone, zombini zinokubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhulu olubanzi ngokuchasene nokutsha kunye nokuguga.

Esi sithako sivunyelwe kwimixube (ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezi-7.5), kodwa siyathintelwa eHawaii ngenxa yomngcipheko wokusingqongileyo kwimithombo yolwandle.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

• Kuvunyiwe kwi: Amazwe athile aseMelika, iYurophu, iJapan, neOstreliya
• Ukuthintelwa kwi: IHawaii, eNtshona eNtshona (eFlorida), ePalau
• Eyona ilungele: Ukuthintela ukutshiswa lilanga
• Ikorale ikhuselekile? Hayi, inokuthi ichaphazele neentlanzi

5. I-Avobenzone

Kufunyenwe kwimichiza yelanga

I-Avobenzone ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuvimba uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemitha ye-UVA kwaye kuthiwa 'ayizinzanga' kwii-sunscreen ezibonakalayo.

Ngokwalo, isithako siyazinzisa xa siveliswe kukukhanya. Ukulwa noku, kuhlala kudityaniswa nezinye izinto (ezinje nge-mexoryl) ukuzinzisa i-avobenzone.

Kumazwe amaninzi, i-avobenzone isetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ne-zinc oxide kunye ne-titanium dioxide ngokukodwa, kodwa e-United States, indibaniselwano ayivumelekanga.

Ngelixa ifunyenwe kwizithambisi zelanga ezibanzi, ihlala idityaniswa nezinye iikhemikhali kuba i-avobenzone ngokwayo iya kuphulukana nobuchule bayo bokucoca ngaphakathi kweyure yokukhanya kokukhanya.

E-US, i-FDA ibona esi sithako sikhuselekile kodwa sithintela isixa soxinzelelo ukuya kwiipesenti ezi-3 kwifomathi yelanga.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

• Kuvunyiwe kwi: I-United States, i-Australia, i-Yurophu
• Ukuthintelwa kwi: Nanye; Ukusetyenziswa okuthintelweyo eJapan
• Eyona ilungele: Uthintelo lokonakaliswa lilanga
• Ikorale ikhuselekile? Amanqanaba abonakalayo kodwa akukho monakalo ufunyenweyo

6. Titanium dioxide

Kufunyenwe kwizikrini zelanga

Zimbini izithako ezelangeni ezamkelwa ngokubanzi njengekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo, okanye i-GRASE, yi-FDA, kwaye zombini zizithako zomzimba ezigcina ilanga. (Qaphela: ileyibhile ye-GRASE ikwathetha ukuba iimveliso ze-FDA ezinezi zithako.)

Eyokuqala, titanium dioxide, isebenza njengesihluzi esibanzi se-UV (nangona ingathinteli imitha emide ye-UVA1).

I-FDA ivuma i-titanium dioxide, kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba lukhuselekile ngokubanzi kunezinye i-sunscreens ngokuvezwa kolusu.

Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baphinda babhale ukuba amandla kunye neefom zokutshiza kufuneka zithintelwe njengoko kunokuba yingozi. Amanqaku athi i-titanium oxide nanoparticles ngokuvezwa komlomo zihlelwa "njenge-carcinogenic ebantwini," oko kuthetha ukuba kwenziwe kuphela izifundo zezilwanyana.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba esi sithako asikhawulelwanga kwiscreen selanga. Ingafunyanwa kwakhona kwi-SPF yokwenza, iipowder ezicinezelweyo, izinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso ezimhlophe.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

• Kuvunyiwe kwi: IUnited States, iOstreliya, iYurophu, neJapan
• Ukuthintelwa kwi: Akukho nanye
• Eyona ilungele: Uthintelo lokonakaliswa lilanga
• Ikorale ikhuselekile? Amanqanaba abonakalayo kodwa akukho monakalo ufunyenweyo
• Isilumkiso: Iifomula zinokushiya umbala omhlophe kulusu olumnyama, kwaye isithako sinokubangela i-carcinogenic kwifom yomgubo

7. Zinc oxide

Kufunyenwe kwizikrini zelanga

I-Zinc oxide sisithako sesibini se-GRASE se-sunscreen, esivunyelweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-25.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba kukhuselekile, kunye nokungena kwesikhumba, nasemva kokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo. EYurophu, isithako sinelebheli enesilumkiso ngenxa yetyhefu kubomi bamanzi. Isithako asibangeli monakalo ngaphandle kokuba siginyiwe okanye siphefumlelwe.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-avobenzone kunye ne-titanium oxide, ikhankanywa njengefotayo, esebenzayo, kwaye ikhuselekile kulusu olubuthathaka. Kwelinye icala, uphando lukwatsho ukuba alusebenzi njengee-sunscreen zemichiza, kwaye alunabuchule ekukhuseleni ukutshiswa lilanga njengakwenzakaliswa lilanga.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

• Kuvunyiwe kwi: IUnited States, iOstreliya, iYurophu, neJapan
• Ukuthintelwa kwi: Akukho nanye
• Eyona ilungele: Uthintelo lokonakaliswa lilanga
• Ikorale ikhuselekile? Hayi
• Isilumkiso: Iifomathi ezithile zinokushiya isamente emhlophe yomnquma kunye neethoni ezimnyama zolusu

I-8 kunye ne-9 PABA kunye ne-trolamine salicylate PABA

Ifunyenwe kuzo zombini iikhemikhali (i-PABA) kunye ne-physical (trolamine) i-sunscreens

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-para-aminobenzoic acid, esi sisixhobo sokususa i-UVB. Ukuthandwa kwesi sithako kuye kwancipha ngenxa yokuba yonyusa i-dermatitis ye-aleji kwaye inyusa i-photosensitivity.

Izifundo kwizilwanyana zikwabonakalise amanqanaba athile etyhefu, ekhokelela kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu kunye ne-FDA yokuthintela ukugxila kwefomula kwiipesenti ezi-5. Nangona kunjalo, iCanada iyakwalela ukusetyenziswa kwePABA kwizithambiso ngokupheleleyo.

I-Trolamine salicylate, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Tea-Salicylate, yathathwa njenge-GRASE kwi-2019, kodwa yi-absorber ye-UV ebuthathaka. Ngenxa yoku, isithako sinqunyelwe kwipesenti kunye nezinye izithako ze-GRASE.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

• Kuvunyiwe kwi: I-United States (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12-15%), e-Australia (i-trolamine salicylate kuphela), i-Yurophu (i-PABA ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5%), eJapan
• Ukuthintelwa kwi: Ostreliya (PABA), Canada (zombini)
• Eyona ilungele: Ukukhuselwa lilanga
• Ikorale ikhuselekile? Yaziwa

Kutheni le nto ukuvunywa kwesithako selanga kuntsonkothe ​​kangaka e-US?

Ukwahlulahlula i-sunscreen e-United States njengechiza sesinye sezona zizathu zokuba isantya sayo siphumelele. Ukwahlulahlula iziyobisi kuza kuba imveliso iyathengiswa njengenyathelo lokuthintela ukutshiswa lilanga kunye nomhlaza wolusu.

E-Australia, i-sunscreen ihlelwa njengonyango okanye i-cosmetic. Unyango lubhekisa kwizikhuseli elangeni apho eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukukhusela ilanga kwaye ine-SPF ye-4 okanye ngaphezulu. Izithambiso zibhekisa kuyo nayiphi na imveliso ebandakanya i-SPF kodwa ayenzelwe ukuba ibe nguwe kuphela okhusela. IYurophu neJapan bahlela i-sunscreen njengezithambiso.

Kodwa ukusukela oko i-FDA yathatha ixesha elide ukwamkela izithako ezitsha (akukho namnye okhe wagqitha ukusukela ngo-1999), iCongress yazisa umthetho we-Sunscreen Innovation Act ngo-2014. Injongo kukwenza ukuba i-FDA iphonononge ukuvalwa kwabo kwemvume engekasuki kwezithako ezelangeni, kubandakanya nezintsha zingeniswa emva kokuba isenzo sisayiniwe, ngoNovemba 2019.

Ukufikelela kukhetho lwe-sunscreen, abathengi abaninzi baphethukele ekuthengeni i-sunscreen kwi-intanethi evela kwamanye amazwe. Oku akunakuhlala kubangelwa zizithako ngokwazo. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ii-sunscreens zaphesheya kolwandle zenziwe njengezinto zokuthambisa, ezenza ukuba kuthiwe, ziyathandeka ngakumbi ukuzisebenzisa, kunqabile ukuba zishiye isamente emhlophe, kwaye zithambise kancinci.

Kwaye ngelixa kungekho semthethweni ukuthenga i-sunscreen phesheya, ukuzithenga ngabathengisi abangafanelekanga eAmazon kuyakhohlisa. Iimveliso zinokuphelelwa lixesha okanye zibubuxoki.

Ngaphezulu koko, ezi mveliso zaphesheya zinokuba nzima ukufikelela emva kokuba isindululo sisebenza.

Okwangoku, abasebenzisi be-sunscreen njengathi kufuneka bazifundise ngezithako ze-sunscreen kunye namanyathelo othintelo

Kukho nemigaqo yegolide yokufaka iscreen elangeni. Ukuphinda ufake isicelo rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbini kubalulekile - ngakumbi ukuba ungaphandle njengoko iinombolo ze-SPF azibonisi ukuba ufanele uhlale elangeni ixesha elingakanani.

Izithambisi eziselangeni ziyasebenza ngoko nangoko emva kokufaka isicelo lo gama iiscreen zemichiza zithatha imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ukuqala ukusebenza.

Kuphephe ulwazi olungelulo, nawe. Iingxelo kunye nophando lubonisa ukuba i-DIY sunscreens kwi-Pinterest ithandwa kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuba i-DIY sunscreens ayisebenzi kwaye inokwandisa ukonakala kolusu.

Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngelixa ii-sunscreen ezivela kwamanye amazwe zinokuba zihle ngakumbi, ayisosizathu sokubamba "kokona kulungileyo" de i-FDA ivume. Esona sithambisi selanga sisilungileyo sokusisebenzisa yile sele uyisebenzisa.

UTaylor Ramble ngumthandi wolusu, umbhali ozisebenzelayo kunye nomfundi wefilimu. Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo usebenze njengombhali ozimeleyo kunye nebhlog egxile kwizihloko ezisuka kwimpilo-ntle ukuya kwinkcubeko ye pop. Uyakuthanda ukudanisa, ukufunda ngokutya kunye nenkcubeko, kunye nokuxhotyiswa. Okwangoku usebenza kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgia eyi-Virtual Reality Lab egxile kwimpembelelo yokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nokuba sempilweni.