Ungaba njani ngu-Omnivore wokuziphatha

Umxholo

• Impembelelo kokutya kwindalo esingqongileyo
• Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba wezolimo
• Igesi yendlu eluhlaza
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
• Isichumisi esibalekayo
• Iindlela zokutya ngokuzinzileyo
• Ngaba ukutya umcimbi wendawo?
• Ukusetyenziswa kwenyama ebomvu ngokuphakathi
• Yitya iiprotheyini ezisekwe kwizityalo
• Nciphisa inkunkuma yokutya
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukuveliswa kokutya kudala uxinzelelo olungaphephekiyo kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukhetho lwakho lokutya lwemihla ngemihla lunokuchaphazela uzinzo ngokubanzi kwindlela otya ngayo.

Nangona ukutya okutyiwa ngemifuno kunye nemifuno kuthanda ukuba nobume bendalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofuna ukuyeka ukutya inyama kwaphela.

Eli nqaku ligubungela ezinye zezinto eziphambili kwimveliso yokutya kwindalo esingqongileyo, kunye nendlela yokutya inyama kunye nezityalo ngokuzinzileyo.

Ngamafutshane, nantsi indlela yokuba yi-omnivore yokuziphatha.

Impembelelo kokutya kwindalo esingqongileyo

Ngokuveliswa kokutya okusetyenziswa ngabantu kuza indleko yendalo.

Imfuno yokutya, amandla, kunye namanzi iyaqhubeka nokunyuka ngokwanda kwabemi behlabathi, okukhokelela kukonyuka koxinzelelo kwiplanethi yethu.

Ngelixa ibango lezi zibonelelo lingenakuthintelwa kwaphela, kubalulekile ukuba ufundiswe ngazo ukwenza izigqibo ezizinzileyo ezingqonge ukutya.

Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba wezolimo

Enye yezinto eziphambili ezinokutshintsha xa kuziwa kwezolimo kukusetyenziswa komhlaba.

Ngesiqingatha somhlaba onokuhlala umhlaba ngoku usetyenziselwa ezolimo, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kudlala indima enkulu kwimpembelelo yemo engqongileyo kwimveliso yokutya (1).

Ngokukodwa, iimveliso ezithile zezolimo, ezinje ngemfuyo, imvana, inyama yegusha, kunye netshizi, zithatha uninzi lomhlaba wezolimo (2).

Iakhawunti yemfuyo ye-77% yokusetyenziswa komhlaba wokufama, xa amadlelo amadlelo kunye nomhlaba osetyenziselwa ukukhulisa ukutya kwezilwanyana kuthathelwa ingqalelo (2).

Oko kwathiwa, benza kuphela i-18% yeekhalori zehlabathi kunye ne-17% yeprotheni yehlabathi (2).

Njengoko umhlaba omninzi usetyenziselwa ulimo lwamashishini, iindawo zokuhlala zasendle ziyafuduswa, ziphazamisa imeko-bume.

Kwinqaku eliqinisekileyo, itekhnoloji yezolimo iphucuke kakhulu kuyo yonke i-20 nakwiinkulungwane zama-21 ().

Olu phuculo kwitekhnoloji inyuse isivuno sesivuno kwiyunithi nganye yomhlaba, efuna umhlaba ongaphantsi wezolimo ukuvelisa ukutya okufanayo (4).

Inyathelo elinye esinokulithatha ekudaleni inkqubo yokutya ezinzileyo kukuphepha ukuguqulwa komhlaba wehlathi ube ngumhlaba wezolimo (5).

Unokunceda ngokujoyina umbutho wolondolozo lomhlaba kwindawo yakho.

Igesi yendlu eluhlaza

Enye impembelelo enkulu kwindalo esingqongileyo kwimveliso yokutya zii-greenhouse gases, ezinemveliso yokutya eyenza ikota enye yokukhutshwa komhlaba (2).

Iigesi eziphambili ze-greenhouse ziquka i-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-methane, i-nitrous oxide, kunye ne-fluorinated gases (6).

Iigesi zeGreenhouse yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekuboniswa ngazo ukutshintsha kwemozulu (, 8,, 10,).

Kwi-25% igalelo lokuveliswa kokutya, imfuyo kunye neendawo zokuloba zenza i-31%, imveliso yezityalo ngama-27%, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ngama-24%, kunye nomxokelelwano wobonelelo nge-18% (2).

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zezolimo zinegalelo elingafaniyo leegesi zegreenhouse, ukhetho lwakho lokutya lunokuchaphazela kakhulu umkhondo wakho wekhabhoni, eli lilonke inani leegesi zegreenhouse ezibangelwa ngumntu.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane ezinye zeendlela onokuthi ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yakho ngelixa usonwabela ukutya okuninzi okuthandayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi

Ngelixa amanzi enokubonakala ngathi ngumthombo ongenasiphelo kuninzi lwethu, uninzi lweendawo zehlabathi zinengxaki yokunqaba kwamanzi.

Ezolimo zinoxanduva malunga ne-70% yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amatsha kwihlabathi liphela (12).

Oko kwathethi, iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zezolimo zisebenzisa amanani ahlukeneyo amanzi ngexesha lokuvelisa kwazo.

Ezona mveliso zifuna amanzi zininzi ziveliswa itshizi, amandongomane, iintlanzi ezifama kunye neembaza, kulandele iinkomo zobisi (2).

Ke, iindlela ezizinzileyo zezolimo zinika ithuba elihle lokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.

Eminye imizekelo yoku ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kokunkcenkceshela ngedriphu ngaphezulu kwezitshizi, ukubamba amanzi emvula kwizityalo zokunkcenkceshela, kunye nokukhula kwezityalo ezikwaziyo ukunyamezela imbalela.

Isichumisi esibalekayo

Iziphumo zokugqibela eziphambili kwimveliso yokutya yemveli endifuna ukuyikhankanya kukubaleka kwesichumiso, okwabizwa ngokuba kukutya okucacileyo.

Xa izityalo zichumisiwe, kukho amathuba okuba izondlo ezingaphezulu zingene kwindawo engqongileyo nakwiindlela zamanzi, ezinokuthi ziphazamisane nendalo.

Ungacinga ukuba ulimo lwezinto eziphilayo lungasisombululo koku, kodwa ayisiyiyo imeko leyo ().

Ngelixa iindlela zokulima eziphilayo kufuneka zingabikho kwizichumisi zokwenziwa kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane, azinayo ikhemikhali ngokupheleleyo.

Ke, ukutshintshela kwiimveliso ze-organic akuyisombululi ngokupheleleyo imiba yokubaleka.

Oko kwathiwa, iimveliso eziphilayo ziye zaboniswa ukuba zinentsalela yokubulala izitshabalalisi encinci kunabalingani babo basezifama (14).

Ngelixa ungeke utshintshe ngokuthe ngqo iindlela zokuchumisa zeefama njengomthengi, ungacebisa ngezinto ezinokusingqongileyo, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kwezityalo zokugquma kunye nokutyala imithi ukulawula ukuhamba.

Ngokuveliswa kokutya okusetyenziswa ngabantu kuza iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ezona mpembelelo zingaguqukiyo kwimveliso yokutya kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, iigesi zegreenhouse, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kunye nesichumisi esibalekayo.

Iindlela zokutya ngokuzinzileyo

Nazi ezinye zeendlela onokuthi utye ngokuzinzileyo ngakumbi, kubandakanya nokufika ekusetyenzisweni kwenyama.

Ngaba ukutya umcimbi wendawo?

Xa kuziwa ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint yakho, ukutya kwendawo kuyisincomo esiqhelekileyo.

Nangona ukutya kwendawo kubonakala kunengqiqo, akubonakali ngathi kunempembelelo enkulu ekuzinzileyo kokutya okuninzi njengoko ungalindela-nangona kunokubonelela ngezinye izibonelelo.

Idatha yamva nje ibonisa ukuba into oyityayo ibaluleke ngakumbi kunakuvela kuyo, njengoko uthutho lwenza kuphela isixa esincinci sokutya okukhutshwa yirhasi (15).

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhetha ukutya okukhupha ezantsi, okufana neenkukhu, ngaphezulu kokutya okuphuma kakhulu, njengenkomo yenkomo, kunefuthe elikhulu- nokuba ukutya kuye kwavela phi.

Oko bekutshiwo, olunye udidi apho ukutya kwendawo kunokunciphisa i-carbon footprint kukutya okutshabalalayo, ekufuneka kuthuthwe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yobomi babo obufutshane.

Amaxesha amaninzi, oku kutya kuthuthwa ngenqwelomoya, kuyonyusa kakhulu ukuphuma kwazo ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha angama-50 ngaphezulu kokuhamba ngolwandle (2).

Oku kubandakanya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno esandula ukwenziwa, njenge-asparagus, iimbotyi eziluhlaza, amaqunube kunye neepinapile.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kuphela sisixa esincinci kakhulu sonikezelo lokutya esihamba ngenqwelomoya-uninzi luthuthwa ngeenqanawa ezinkulu okanye iilori emhlabeni.

Oko kwathethi, ukutya kwalapha ekhaya kunokuba nezinye izibonelelo, ezinje ngokuxhasa abavelisi bendawo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezizinzileyo zokulima, ukutya namaxesha onyaka, ukwazi ngqo ukuba ukutya kwakho kuvela phi, kwaye kuveliswa njani.

Ukusetyenziswa kwenyama ebomvu ngokuphakathi

Ukutya okunotyebileyo kwiiproteni, ezinje ngenyama, ubisi, kunye namaqanda, kwenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-83 zokukhutshwa kokutya (16).

Ngokomgangatho wekhabhoni uphela, inyama yenkomo kunye negusha ziphezulu kuluhlu.

Oku kungenxa yokusebenzisa umhlaba ngokubanzi, iimfuno zokondla, ukuqhubekeka, kunye nokupakisha.

Ukongeza, iinkomo zivelisa i-methane emathunjini abo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwetyisa, ukuqhubela phambili ukufaka isandla kwi-carbon footprint yazo.

Ngelixa inyama ebomvu ivelisa malunga ne-60 kg yee-CO2 ezilinganayo kwi-kg yenyama-umlinganiso oqhelekileyo wokukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza - okunye ukutya kwenza kancinci kakhulu (2).

Umzekelo, ukufuya iinkukhu kuvelisa i-6 kg, iintlanzi ezi-5 kg, kunye namaqanda ayi-4.5 kg ee-CO2 ezilingana neekg yenyama.

Njengokuthelekisa, ziiponti ezili-132, iipawundi ezili-13, iiponti ezili-11, kunye neepawundi ezili-10 ze-CO2 ezilingana neponti yenyama yezilwanyana ezibomvu, iinkukhu, intlanzi kunye namaqanda ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ke ngoko, ukutya inyama ebomvu ebomvu kunokunciphisa kakhulu ikhabhoni yakho.

Ukuthenga inyama ebomvu etyiswe ngengca kubavelisi bendawo ezinzileyo kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi, kodwa idatha ibonisa ukuba ukuncipha kwenyama ebomvu, ngokubanzi, kunefuthe elingaphezulu ().

Yitya iiprotheyini ezisekwe kwizityalo

Enye indlela enefuthe ekukhuthazeni ukuba yi-omnivore yokuziphatha kukutya ngakumbi kwimithombo yeprotein esekwe kwizityalo.

Ukutya okufana ne-tofu, iimbotyi, ii-ertyisi, i-quinoa, imbewu ye-hemp, kunye namandongomane ane-carbon footprint ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa neeproteni zezilwanyana (2).

Ngelixa umxholo wesondlo kwezi proteni zezityalo zinokwahluka kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neeproteni zezilwanyana, umxholo weprotini ungadibana nobungakanani bezahlulo ezifanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanya imithombo yeeprotein esekwe kwizityalo ekutyeni kwakho akuthethi ukuba kuya kufuneka uphelise ngokupheleleyo ukutya kwezilwanyana.

Enye indlela yokunciphisa ubuninzi beeprotheyini zezilwanyana ozityayo kukususa isiqingatha seprotheni kwiresiphi enesityalo.

Umzekelo, xa usenza iresiphi yesiko lesiqhelo, tshintsha isiqingatha senyama egalelwe i-tofu crumbles.

Ngale ndlela uyakufumana incasa yenyama, kodwa ulinciphisile inani leeprotein zezilwanyana, ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint yeso sidlo sinikiweyo.

Nciphisa inkunkuma yokutya

Into yokugqibela yokuba yi-omnivore yokuziphatha endifuna ukuyixoxa kukunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya.

Kumhlaba jikelele, inkunkuma yokutya i-akhawunti ye-6% yemveliso yegesi eluhlaza (2, 19).

Ngelixa oku kuthathela ingqalelo ilahleko kuyo yonke ikhonkco lonikezelo ukusuka kugcino olubi kunye nokuphathwa, okuninzi koku kukutya okulahlwa ngabathengisi kunye nabathengi.

Ezinye zeendlela zokunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya zezi:

• ukuthenga iziqhamo eziqanduselwe kunye nemifuno ukuba awucwangcisi ukuzisebenzisa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo
• Ukuthenga iintlanzi eziqingqiweyo ezingenamanzi, njengoko intlanzi inenye yezona ndawo zifutshane kuzo zonke izidlo
• usebenzisa zonke iindawo ezityiwayo zeziqhamo kunye nemifuno (umzekelo, iziqu zebroccoli)
• Ukuthenga umgqomo wemveliso eyaliwe ukuba ivenkile yakho inenye
• ukungathengi ukutya okungaphezulu kunokuba ufuna ixesha elinikiweyo
• Ukujonga imihla kwizinto ezinokutya ngaphambi kokuthenga
• ukucwangcisa ukutya kwakho kwiveki ukuze wazi ukuba uza kuthenga ntoni
• kukumisa ukutya okonakalayo onokungakusebenzisi kusuku olulandelayo okanye ezimbini
• ukulungiselela ifriji kunye nepryry ukuze uyazi into onayo
• Ukwenza isitokhwe kumathambo kunye nemifuno eseleyo
• ukwenza uyilo kunye neeresiphi zokusebenzisa ukutya okwahlukileyo okuhleliyo

Olunye uncedo olongeziweyo lokunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya kukuba inokukugcinela nemali eninzi kwivenkile yokutya.

Zama ukumilisela ezinye zeendlela ezingentla ukuqala ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya kunye nekhabhoni yakho.

Nangona ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yokutya kungenakupheliswa, zininzi iindlela zokunciphisa. Ezona ndlela zinempembelelo yokwenza oku kubandakanya ukumodareyitha ukusetyenziswa kwenyama ebomvu, ukutya iiproteni ezininzi ezisekwe kwizityalo, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya.

Umgca wezantsi

Imveliso yokutya inoxanduva lokufumana isixa esikhulu sokukhutshwa kwehlabathi ngokusetyenziswa komhlaba, iigesi zegreenhouse, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kunye nokuqukuqela kwesichumiso.

Ngelixa singenakukuthintela konke oku, ukutya ngokuziphatha ngakumbi kunokunciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint yakho.

Ezona ndlela ziphambili zokwenza oko kubandakanya ukumodareyitha ukusetyenziswa kwenyama ebomvu, ukutya iiproteni ezininzi ezisekwe kwizityalo, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya.

Ukwazi izigqibo zakho malunga nokutya kungahamba indlela ende ekuqhubekekiseni indawo yokutya ezinzileyo kwiminyaka ezayo.