Usulelo ekukhulelweni: IHepatitis A

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu kunye neziphumo ze-hepatitis A?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Yintoni ebangela ihepatitis A?
• I-Hepatitis A kunye nokukhulelwa
• Uthintelo
• Imbonakalo

Yintoni ihepatitis A?

I-Hepatitis A sisifo sesifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis A (HAV). Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ne-hepatitis B kunye no-C, ayibangeli sifo sesibindi esinganyangekiyo kwaye kunqabile ukuba ibulale.

Usulelo lweHepatitis A lwenzeka kwimijikelo engahleliwe. Nangona kunjalo, iye yehla e-United States kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo. Ngokutsho kwe, oku kungenxa yokungeniswa kweyeza lokugonya i-hepatitis A ngo-1995.

Ngo-2013, kwaqikelelwa ukuba ngamatyala angama-3,473 osulelo olubi lwe-hepatitis A oluchazwe e-United States.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi losulelo lwe-hepatitis A alubonisi zimpawu, kungoko elona nani lokosuleleka kweli lizwe kucingelwa ukuba liphezulu.

I-HAV ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezixinene ngabantu ezingenazococeko. Usulelo lwe-hepatitis A lwenzeka rhoqo ngokulingana kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo njengabantu ngokubanzi.

Ziintoni iimpawu kunye neziphumo ze-hepatitis A?

Iimpawu zosulelo lwe-hepatitis A zibanzi kwaye ziqala ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwezomeleleyo. Ngokuka, uninzi lwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala abane-hepatitis A abanazo iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala bahlala bebonisa iimpawu. Ngokomzekelo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zabantu abadala abane-hepatitis A bahlakulela i-jaundice.

Nangona uninzi lweziganeko ze-hepatitis A zihlala iiveki enye ukuya kwezine, ezinye iimeko zinokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi. Umntu owosulelekileyo uyosulela kanye phambi kokuba iimpawu zivele kwaye zihlale ixesha losulelo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zosulelo lwe-hepatitis A zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• intlungu ejikeleze i-capsule ejikeleze isibindi.
• utshintsho kumbala wokuhamba kwamathumbu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• umkhuhlane ophantsi
• umchamo omnyama
• intlungu edibeneyo
• i-jaundice okanye utyheli kolusu namehlo

Uninzi lwezigulana, iziphumo zexesha elide zosulelo azikho. Emva kokuba umntu echache unee-antibodies kwi-hepatitis A ebonelela ngesi sifo ekukhuseleni ubomi babo bonke. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho iimeko ezinqabileyo zokubuyela kwi-hepatitis A kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zosulelo lokuqala. Malunga nabantu abangama-80 ngonyaka bayafa eUnited States ngenxa yosulelo lwe-hepatitis A.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo lwe-hepatitis A ngabo banxibelelana nomntu onesifo. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• Ukuya kumazwe anezinga eliphezulu okanye eliphakathi le-hepatitis A, ngakumbi i-Afrika, iAsia (ngaphandle kweJapan), iMpuma Yurophu, uMbindi Mpuma, uMzantsi noMbindi Merika, iMexico kunye neGreenland
• ukuba neentlobano zesini ezenziwa emlonyeni okanye ezimpundu nomntu osulelekileyo
• ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni
• ukuba nesifo esingapheliyo sesibindi
• ukusebenza ne-hepatitis A kwindawo yeelebhu
• ukuba nengxaki yokunqanda igazi okanye ukufumana into ekujiyisayo ekugxileni
• Ukuhlala kwimimandla enezinga eliphezulu le-hepatitis A-oku kusebenza kubantwana abakumaziko okugcina abantwana
• ukuphatha ukutya
• ukukhathalela abagulayo nabakhubazekileyo
• ukuba namajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yomhlaza, i-HIV, amayeza angapheliyo e-steroid, okanye ukufakelwa komzimba

Yintoni ebangela ihepatitis A?

I-HAV ichithwa kwilindle labantu abosulelekileyo. Isasazeka ikakhulu ngokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nomntu nomntu kunye nokuvezwa kwamanzi angcolileyo kunye nokutya. I-Hepatitis A inokudluliselwa ngokudluliselwa kwegazi ngokuthe ngqo, njengokwabelana ngenaliti nomntu owosulelekileyo.

Uninzi lweentlobo ze-hepatitis yentsholongwane umntu uyayiphatha kwaye ayidlulise intsholongwane ngaphandle kokufumana iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyinyani kwi-hepatitis A.

I-Hepatitis A ihlala ingenabungozi kumfazi okhulelweyo okanye kusana lwakhe. Usuleleko loomama alukhokeleli kwiziphene zokuzalwa, kwaye umama ngesiqhelo akasosuleli usana kuye.

I-Hepatitis A kunye nokukhulelwa

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa usulelo lwe-hepatitis A lunokunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wokusebenza ngaphambi kwexesha, ngakumbi ukuba usulelo lwenzeka kwikota yesibini okanye yesithathu. Olunye umngcipheko owandileyo onxulumene nosulelo lwe-hepatitis A lunokubandakanya:

• Ukuncipha kwesibeleko ngaphambi kwexesha
• Ukuphazamiseka kweplacenta
• Ukuqhekeka kwangaphambi kweembumba

Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana i-hepatitis A ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunqabile. Nangona kukho umngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki, zihlala zingabalulekanga. Kwakhona, i-hepatitis A ayiboniswanga ukuba ibangela ukufa kunina okanye emntwaneni, kwaye iintsana ezizalwe ngoomama abane-hepatitis A kunqabile ukuba bayifumane.

Uthintelo

IHepatitis A ayinalo unyango. Ukuthintela ukufumana i-hepatitis A, zama ukunqanda izinto ezinobungozi obukhulu. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla emva kokuphatha ukutya okuluhlaza nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.

Iyeza lokugonya eliqhelekileyo liyafumaneka kwi-HAV, kwaye kulula ukuyifumana. Iyeza lokugonya lenziwa ngenaliti ezimbini. Ukudubula kwesibini kunikwa iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 emva kweyokuqala.

Imbonakalo

IHepatitis A kunokuba nzima ukuyifumana kuba kungangabikho zimpawu. Qiniseka ukuba uvavanywa xa ufumanisa ukuba ukhulelwe ukuze wazi nayiphi na ingozi ekukhulelweni kwakho.

Ukudlulisa i-hepatitis A ukuya kumntwana wakho kunqabile, kodwa kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-hepatitis A, ugqirha wakho uyafunwa ngumthetho ukuba wazise ugunyaziwe wezempilo yoluntu. Oku kunceda ekuchongeni umthombo wosulelo kunye nokuthintela ukugqabhuka kwesi sifo.

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukukhusela okanye ukuthintela usulelo lwe-hepatitis A. Gwema isimilo esiyingozi, ziqhelanise nococeko, kwaye uqiniseke ngokuthetha ngokugonya nogqirha wakho.