I-Toxoplasmosis: Ngaba uyazi ukuba ungahlala njani ukhuselekile?

Umxholo

• Isasazeka njani iToxoplasmosis?
• Ukutya ukutya okungcolileyo
• Ukungenisa iiCyst ezi-Sporulated (ii-Oocyst) ezivela ekungcoleni okungcolileyo okanye kwi-Cat Litter
• Ukuyifumana kuMntu oSulelekileyo
• Ixhaphake kangakanani iToxoplasmosis?
• Ziintoni Iimpawu zeToxoplasmosis?
• Ziziphi iingozi zeToxoplasmosis ngexa lokukhulelwa?
• Ziziphi iziphumo zeToxoplasmosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
• I-Toxoplasmosis kunye ne-HIV
• I-Toxoplasmosis ithathwa njani ngexa lokukhulelwa?
• Ngaba iToxoplasmosis inokuthintelwa?

Yintoni iToxoplasmosis?

I-Toxoplasmosis yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo ebangelwa yi-parasite. Esi sifunxi-gazi sibizwa Toxoplasma gondii. Ikhula ngaphakathi kwiikati kwaye emva koko yosulele ezinye izilwanyana okanye abantu.

Abantu abanamajoni omzimba aphilileyo bahlala befumana iimpawu ezingekho mgangathweni. Abantu abadala abaninzi bane-toxoplasmosis bengazi nokwazi. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezinzulu. Ezi ngxaki zinokubandakanya umonakalo kwi:

• amehlo
• ingqondo
• imiphunga
• Intliziyo

Umfazi okhulelweyo ophuhlisa usulelo unokuluhambisa usulelo emntwaneni wakhe. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntwana avelise iziphene ezinzulu zokuzalwa.

Isasazeka njani iToxoplasmosis?

Zininzi iindlela abantu abanokosulelwa yi-toxoplasma:

Ukutya ukutya okungcolileyo

I-toxoplasma cysts inokubakho kwinyama engaphekwanga okanye kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno edibene nomhlaba ongcolileyo okanye ilindle lekati.

Ukungenisa iiCyst ezi-Sporulated (ii-Oocyst) ezivela ekungcoleni okungcolileyo okanye kwi-Cat Litter

Ukuphuhliswa kwe-toxoplasma kuhlala kuqala xa ikati itya inyama (ihlala ineempuku) enesifo se-toxoplasma cysts. Isidleleli siye sande ngaphakathi emathunjini ekati. Kwezi veki zimbalwa zizayo, izigidi zee cysts ezosulelayo ziyaphalazwa kwilindle lekati ngenkqubo ye sporulation. Ngexesha lokuchama, iindonga ze-cyst ziqina ngelixa ii-cysts zingena kwindawo yokulala, kodwa inqanaba elosulelayo ukuya kunyaka omnye.

Ukuyifumana kuMntu oSulelekileyo

Ukuba ngaba umfazi okhulelweyo wosulelekile, i-parasite inokuwela i-placenta kwaye isulele umntwana. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-toxoplasmosis abasosuleli. Oku kubandakanya abantwana abancinci kunye neentsana ezosulelekileyo ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

Ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo, unokuyifumana kufakelo lwelungu okanye utofelo-gazi lomntu osulelekileyo. Iilebhu ezikhusela ngokusondeleyo oku.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iToxoplasmosis?

Ubuninzi be-toxoplasmosis buhluka kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Kuqheleke kakhulu kuMbindi Merika nakuMbindi Afrika. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yemozulu kwezi ndawo. Ukufuma kuthinta ukuba i-toxoplasma cysts ihlala isosuleleka njani.

Amasiko asekuhlaleni okupheka nawo adlala indima. Iindawo apho inyama inikwa ikrwada okanye ingaphekwanga inezinga eliphezulu losulelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwenyama entsha engakhange ikhenkceke ngaphambili kukwayanyaniswa nomngcipheko omkhulu wosulelo.

E-United States, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 ukuya kwengama-49 bosulelwe yi-toxoplasmosis.

Ziintoni Iimpawu zeToxoplasmosis?

Uninzi lwabantu abane-toxoplasmosis banamava ambalwa, ukuba akhona, iimpawu. Ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu, uya kuba namava:

• ukuvuvukala kwee-lymph node entanyeni yakho
• umkhuhlane ophantsi
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ukudinwa
• intloko ebuhlungu

Ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye iimeko. Kufuneka usoloko uthetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ukhathazekile ngazo naziphi na iimpawu ozivelisileyo.

Ziziphi iingozi zeToxoplasmosis ngexa lokukhulelwa?

Usulelo lwe-Toxoplasma ngexesha lokukhulelwa lunokuba lukhulu kuba i-parasite ingawela i-placenta kwaye ifake umntwana. Umntwana osulelekileyo unokonzakala:

• amehlo
• ingqondo
• Intliziyo
• imiphunga

Umama usemngciphekweni okhulayo wokukhulelwa kwesisu ukuba unosulelo lwangoku lwe-toxoplasmosis.

Ziziphi iziphumo zeToxoplasmosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ezinye iintsana zibonisa iimpawu zosulelo kwi-ultrasound. Ugqirha wakho unokubona okungaqhelekanga kwingqondo kwaye okungaqhelekanga esibindini. I-toxoplasmosis cysts inokufumaneka kwizitho zomntwana emva kokuba usulelo luye lwavela. Owona monakalo mkhulu uvela kusulelo lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukonakala kwengqondo yomntwana kunye namehlo, nokuba kukwisibeleko okanye emva kokuzalwa. Inokubangela ukungaboni kakuhle okanye ukungaboni, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunye nokulibaziseka kophuhliso.

I-Toxoplasmosis kunye ne-HIV

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo iyenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abane-HIV kunokwenzeka ukuba bosulelwe zezinye izifo. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwaye abane-HIV basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-toxoplasmosis. Basemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki ezinzulu kusulelo.

Bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka bavavanyelwe i-HIV. Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye uvavanya ukuba unayo i-HIV, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokuthintela i-toxoplasmosis.

I-Toxoplasmosis ithathwa njani ngexa lokukhulelwa?

Unokhetho oluninzi lonyango ukuba uvelisa i-toxoplasmosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unentsholongwane entsha kunye neyokuqala kwi-toxoplasmosis, i-amniotic fluid yakho ingavavanywa ukuqinisekisa. Amayeza anokuthintela ukusweleka kosana olungekazalwa okanye iingxaki ezinzulu ze-neurologic, kodwa akucaci ukuba unganciphisa na ukonakala kwamehlo. La mayeza aneziphumo zawo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ukuba akukho bungqina bosulelo kusana lwakho, ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-antibiotic ebizwa ngokuba yi-spiramycin ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo losana lwakho.

Ukuba umntwana wakho wosulelekile, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi akunike indibaniselwano ye-pyrimethamine (Daraprim) kunye ne-sulfadiazine lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Umntwana wakho uhlala ethatha la mayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuya kunyaka omnye emva kokuzalwa.

Olona khetho lukhulu kakhulu kukupheliswa kokukhulelwa. Oku kuphakanyiswa kuphela ukuba uhlakulela usulelo phakathi kokukhulelwa kunye neveki yama-24 yokukhulelwa kwakho. Ngokwesiqhelo akukhuthazwa kuba uninzi lwabantwana banesimo sokuxela kwangaphambili.

Ngaba iToxoplasmosis inokuthintelwa?

Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokosulelwa yiToxoplasmosis kukutya inyama engcolileyo okanye ukuvelisa, okanye ukusezela ii-cyst okanye ii-spores ezincinci ze-toxoplasmosis. Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ngokuthi:

• ukutya inyama ephekwe ngokupheleleyo
• ukuhlamba imifuno eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo kakuhle
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokuphatha inyama ekrwada okanye imifuno
• ukuthintela uhambo oluya kumazwe asakhasayo axhaphake kakhulu i-toxoplasma, efana noMzantsi Melika
• ukunqanda ilindle lekati

Ukuba unayo ikati, tshintsha ibhokisi yenkunkuma rhoqo kwiintsuku ezimbini kwaye uhlambe itray yenkunkuma ngamanzi abilayo. Nxiba iiglavu kunye nemaski xa utshintsha ibhokisi yenkunkuma. Gcina isilwanyana sakho ngaphakathi kwaye ungasondli inyama eluhlaza.

Akukho zitofu ze-toxoplasmosis kwaye akukho mayeza anokuthathwa ukukhusela usulelo.

Ukuba ucwangcisa ukukhulelwa, kuya kufuneka usebenzise amanyathelo othintelo achazwe apha ngasentla. Kwakhona, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ubuncinci kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuze uxoxe ngemingcipheko yakho. Ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze afumanise ukuba ubukhe wanayo i-toxoplasmosis ngaphambili. Ukuba kunjalo, ukhuselekile ekufumaneni usulelo kwakhona kuba umzimba wakho uvelisa izilwa-buhlungu. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonisa ukuba awuzange wosulelwe, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokwenza amanyathelo othintelo kwaye ufumane uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo njengoko uqhubeka nokukhulelwa.