Ibala legram

Umxholo

• Yintoni ibala legram?
• Isetyenziselwa ntoni?
• Kutheni ndifuna ibala legram?
• Yintoni eyenzekayo ngexesha le-Gram stain?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nebala leGram?
• Izalathiso

Yintoni ibala legram?

Ibala le-Gram luvavanyo olukhangela ibacteria kwindawo yosulelo okanye kulwelo oluthile lomzimba, njengegazi okanye umchamo. Ezi ndawo zibandakanya umqala, imiphunga, amalungu esini, kunye namanxeba esikhumba.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zosulelo lwebhaktiriya: I-Gram-positive kunye ne-Gram-negative. Iindidi zichongiwe ngokusekwe kwindlela ibacteria esabela ngayo kwigreyidi yeGram. Ibala legram linombala omfusa. Xa ibala lidibanisa neebhakteria kwisampulu, iibacteria ziya kuhlala zimfusa okanye zijike zibe pinki okanye zibomvu. Ukuba iibhaktheriya zihlala zimfusa, zine-Gram-positive. Ukuba ibhaktheriya ijika ipinki okanye ibomvu, ayinayo i-Gram-negative. Ezi ndidi zimbini zibangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zosulelo:

• Usulelo lwe-Gram-positive lubandakanya i-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), usulelo lwe-strep, kunye nokothuka okunetyhefu.
• Usulelo lwe-Gram-negative lubandakanya i-salmonella, inyumoniya, usulelo lomchamo kunye ne-gonorrhea.

Ibala leGram linokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa usulelo lomngundo.

Amanye amagama: ibala legram

Isetyenziselwa ntoni?

Ibala leGram lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba unosulelo lwebacteria. Ukuba uyakwenza oko, uvavanyo luya kubonisa ukuba usulelo lwakho lune-Gram-positive okanye i-Gram-negative.

Kutheni ndifuna ibala legram?

Unokulufuna olu vavanyo ukuba uneempawu zentsholongwane. Intlungu, umkhuhlane kunye nokudinwa ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo zosulelo oluninzi lwebacteria. Ezinye iimpawu ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo losulelo onalo kwaye apho likhoyo emzimbeni.

Yintoni eyenzekayo ngexesha le-Gram stain?

Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo uyakufuna ukuthatha isampulu kwindawo enesifo okanye kulwelo oluthile lomzimba, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo onokuba nalo. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeemvavanyo ze-Gram zidweliswe apha ngezantsi.

Isampulu yenxeba:

• Umboneleli uya kusebenzisa i-swab ekhethekileyo ukuqokelela isampula kwindawo yenxeba lakho.

Uvavanyo lwegazi:

• Umboneleli uya kuthatha isampulu yegazi kumthambo engalweni yakho.

Uvavanyo lomchamo:

• Uya kubonelela ngesampulu engenazintsholongwane yomchamo kwindebe, njengoko kuyalelwe ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Inkcubeko yomqala:

• Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kufaka i-swab ekhethekileyo emlonyeni wakho ukuze athathe isampuli emva komqala kunye neetoni.

Inkcubeko yesikhohlela. Isikhohlela yincindi eshinyeneyo ekhohlela isuka kwimiphunga. Yahlukile kumathe okanye amathe.

• Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uyakukucela ukuba ukhohlele isikhohlela kwikomityi ekhethekileyo, okanye uswabu okhethekileyo unokusetyenziselwa ukuthatha isampulu empumlweni yakho.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?

Awudingi naluphi na ulungiselelo olukhethekileyo lwebala leGram.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?

Akukho bungozi bokuba ne-swab, isikhohlela, okanye uvavanyo lomchamo.

Mncinci kakhulu umngcipheko wokuvavanywa kwegazi. Unokuba nentlungu encinci okanye ukrakra kwindawo apho inaliti yafakwa khona, kodwa uninzi lweempawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Isampulu yakho iya kubekwa kwisilayidi kwaye inyangwe ngebala leGram. Ingcali yaselebhu iya kuvavanya isilayidi phantsi kwemicroscope. Ukuba akukho bhakteria ifunyenweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ngekhe ube nosulelo lwebacteria okanye kwakungekho bhakteria yaneleyo kwisampulu.

Ukuba iintsholongwane zifunyenwe, ziya kuba neempawu ezithile ezinokubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nosulelo lwakho:

• Ukuba ibhaktiriya ibinombala omfusa, oko kuthetha ukuba unosulelo lwe-Gram-positive.
• Ukuba ibhaktiriya ibinombala opinki okanye obomvu, oko kuthetha ukuba unosulelo lwe-Gram-negative.

Iziphumo zakho ziya kubandakanya ulwazi malunga nokuma kwebhaktheriya kwisampuli yakho. Uninzi lweebhaktheriya zijikeleze (ezaziwa njengecocci) okanye ezimile ngentonga (ezaziwa njenge-bacilli). Ubume bunokunika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nohlobo losulelo onalo.

Nangona iziphumo zakho zinokungachongi olona hlobo lwebacteria kwisampulu yakho, zinokunceda umboneleli wakho asondele ekufumaneni ukuba yintoni ebangela ukugula kwakho kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yokunyanga. Unokufuna iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu, ezinje ngenkcubeko yebhaktiriya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba luhlobo luni lwebacteria.

Iziphumo zebala legrama zingabonisa nokuba unentsholongwane yokungunda. Iziphumo zingabonisa ukuba loluphi udidi losulelo lomngundo onalo: igwele okanye ukungunda. Kodwa usenokufuna iimvavanyo ezingakumbi ukuze ufumanise ukuba loluphi usulelo onalo.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zakho, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwelabhoratri, uluhlu lweereferensi, kunye neziphumo zokuqonda.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nebala leGram?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unentsholongwane, kuya kufuneka unikwe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukuthatha iyeza lakho njengoko kumiselwe, nokuba iimpawu zakho ziphakathi. Oku kunokuthintela usulelo lwakho ekubeni lubi ngakumbi kwaye lubangele iingxaki ezinkulu.

Izalathiso

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Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.