Ukuqhekeka kwemiphunga: Ngaba ukususwa kuyimfuneko?

Umxholo

• Ngaba isikhumba semiphunga sinobuzaza?
• Isicwangciso sonyango sokuqhekeka kwemiphunga
• Ungazilawula njani iimpawu ezibotshelelwe kwimiphunga
• Uthintela njani ukongezwa kwemiphunga
• Ngaba ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kuyafuneka?
• Iingxaki ezinokubakho zokuqhekeka kwemiphunga
• Uza kubona nini ugqirha wakho
• Imbonakalo

Ngaba ukususwa kwemisipha ebomvu kuyimfuneko?

Amanxeba emiphunga abangelwa kukonzakala emiphungeni. Banobangela obahlukeneyo, kwaye akukho nto inokwenziwa xa izicwili zemiphunga zibolile. Nangona kunjalo, imiphunga iyomelela kwaye inokunyamezela amanxeba amancinci angenasiphene angenaziphumo zibi.

Oogqirha bahlala benganyangi amanxeba kwimiphunga ezinzileyo. Ukususwa akuyimfuneko, nokuba isikhumba siyakhula. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho uya kunyanga imeko engaphantsi ebangela inxeba kwaye acothe okanye ayeke ukuqhubela phambili.

Ngaba isikhumba semiphunga sinobuzaza?

Iindawo ezincinci zokuqhekeka kwemiphunga ngokwesiqhelo azikho nzulu. Akufanele zichaphazele umgangatho wakho wobomi okanye ixesha lokuphila.

Oko kwathethi, ukwanda okwandileyo kwamanxeba emiphungeni kunokubonisa imeko esempilweni. Le meko isisiseko inokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba umthombo wolusu kwaye ajongane ngqo nalo.

Kwiimeko ezigabadeleyo zokunqumka kwemiphunga, oogqirha banokunyanzeleka ukuba baphinde bathathe indawo yomphunga. Oku kwaziwa njengokufakelwa komphunga.

Isicwangciso sonyango sokuqhekeka kwemiphunga

Ukususa isiva ngqo ayisiyiyo inketho. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya ukuqaqamba kwaye anqume ukuba akukho manyathelo amanye afunekayo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa imifanekiso ye-X-ray ukuvavanya ubungakanani kunye nozinzo lokonakala. Baza kujonga kwakhona ukuba isibanda siyanda na. Ukwenza oku, baya kuthelekisa i-X-ray endala yesifuba kunye nenye entsha ukuze babone ukuba iindawo zokukrala zikhulile na. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha unokukhetha ukusebenzisa i-CT scan ukongeza kwi-X-ray.

Ukuba isiva senziwe kwindawo leyo, okuthetha ukuba yindawo enye kuphela, okanye ihleli ilingana ngokuhamba kwexesha, ayinabungozi. Amabala olu hlobo ngokubanzi abangelwa lusulelo lwangaphambili. Ukuba usulelo oluye lwabangela ukuba esi sibazi sijongane nalo, unyango alufuneki.

Ukuba isikhumba siyakhula okanye sisasazeke ngokubanzi, oku kungabonisa ukungangqinelani kwezinto ezinokubangela ukonakala kwemiphunga njengeetyhefu okanye amayeza. Iimeko ezithile zonyango zinokubangela ukonakala, nazo. Oku kungakhokelela kwingxaki eyaziwa ngokuba sisifo se-lung esiphakathi (i-ILD). I-ILD ibhekisa kuseto lwezifo ezinciphisa ukuqina kwemiphunga.

Ugqirha wakho unokuphinda ancomele uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, njenge-biopsy yemiphunga, ukuqokelela ulwazi ngakumbi okanye uqinisekise isifo. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho uya kuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango sokulawula imeko ephantsi kunye nokuthintela ukonakala okungaphaya.

Ungazilawula njani iimpawu ezibotshelelwe kwimiphunga

Ubunzulu kunye nohlobo lweempawu ezibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwemiphunga ziya kwahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abanesithintelo semiphunga esimnene okanye esiqhelekileyo abasayi kuba nazimpawu.

Ukuba unemingxunya emikhulu yemiphunga, efana nohlobo olufunyanwa kwi-lung fibrosis, ihlala ibangelwa yimpendulo engalunganga yokulungisa ukwenzakala. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• ukuphefumla okufutshane (iDyspnea)
• ukudinwa
• ubunzima bokuphefumla ngokwenza umthambo
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• iminwe okanye iinzwane ezikhulayo kwaye zijikeleze kwincam (i-clubbing)
• izihlunu eziqaqambayo kunye namalungu
• ukukhohlela owomileyo

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa enye okanye ngaphezulu koku kulandelayo ukukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho:

• Amayeza: Ukuba ukonakala kuyaqhubeka, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela amayeza acothisa ukwakheka kwesibazi. Izinketho zibandakanya i-pirfenidone (Esbriet) kunye ne-nintedanib (i-Ofev).
• Unyango lweoksijini: Oku kunokunceda ukwenza ukuphefumla kube lula, kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki ezivela kumanqanaba eoksijini egazini asezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ayizukunciphisa umonakalo kwimiphunga.
• Ukubuyiselwa kwisimo sangaphambili sepulmonary: Le ndlela isebenzisa utshintsho olwahlukileyo kwindlela yokuphila ukuphucula impilo yakho iyonke ukuze isikhumba semiphunga singabangeli zingxaki zininzi.Kubandakanya ukuzilolonga ngokwasemzimbeni, ingcebiso ngesondlo, iindlela zokuphefumla, kunye neengcebiso kunye nenkxaso.

Uthintela njani ukongezwa kwemiphunga

Umsebenzi wemiphunga ungagcinwa ukuba unokuthintela ukuqaqamba okungakumbi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka ngakumbi ngo:

• Ukuphepha okanye ukunciphisa ukudibana neekhemikhali eziyingozi, ezinje ngeasbestos kunye nesilica.
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya. Amachiza amaninzi kumsi wecuba akhuthaza usulelo, ukudumba kunye nezifo ezinokubangela ukonakala.
• Ukuthatha ikhosi efanelekileyo yamayeza ukuba unesifo semiphunga. Landela ingcebiso kagqirha wakho kuzo zombini izifundo zonyango kwaye ulandele.
• Ukuncamathela kwisicwangciso sakho solawulo lwezifo ukuba ngaba iziphumo zibanga kwimitha yonyango lomhlaza wamaphaphu okanye enye imeko engapheliyo. Oku kunokubandakanya i-immunotherapy.

Ngaba ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kuyafuneka?

Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo semiphunga abayi kufuna ukufakelwa. Oku ngokuyinxenye kungenxa yokuba amanxeba amaninzi emiphunga awaqhubeki nokukhula okanye onakalise imiphunga. Iimpawu zihlala zilawulwa ngaphandle kotyando.

Kwiimeko apho ukuphazamiseka kwemiphunga kunzima kakhulu, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma ukufakelwa kwemiphunga. Kule nkqubo, umphunga ongenampilo uthathelwa indawo yimiphunga esempilweni enikelwe komnye umntu. Ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kunokwenziwa kwimiphunga enye okanye yomibini nakubantu phantse bonke abangenazo iingxaki zempilo ukuya kuthi ga kubudala beminyaka engama-65.

Ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kuthwala umngcipheko wexeshana, kubandakanya:

• ukwaliwa komphunga omtsha, nangona lo mngcipheko uncitshisiwe ngokukhetha umdlalo olungileyo kunye nokulungiswa okufanelekileyo kwamajoni omzimba
• usulelo
• ukuvaleka kweendlela zomoya kunye nemithambo yegazi kwimiphunga
• ulwelo luzalisa umphunga (pulmonary edema)
• amahlwili egazi nokopha

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zokuqhekeka kwemiphunga

Ukuqhekeka kwemiphunga kusongela ubomi kwaye kunokukhokelela kwezi ngxaki zilandelayo:

• amahlwili egazi emiphungeni
• usulelo lwemiphunga
• ukuwa kwemiphunga (pneumothorax)
• ukusilela ekuphefumuleni
• uxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphakathi kwemiphunga
• ukusilela kwentliziyo kwicala elifanelekileyo
• ukufa

Uza kubona nini ugqirha wakho

Nangona amanxeba amancinci emiphunga ngokubanzi enobungozi, kukho iimeko ezithile apho ukunqatyulwa kunokwanda okanye kube nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kube nefuthe kwimpilo yakho iyonke.

Yiya kugqirha wakho ukuba uhlala unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukubila ebusuku okanye ukubanda
• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukwehla kobunzima obungalindelekanga
• ifiva
• ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
• ukunciphisa amandla okwenza umthambo

Imbonakalo

Izibazi ezincinci zemiphunga aziyongozi kwimpilo yakho iyonke kwaye azidingi nyango lukhethekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukunwenwa okubanzi kunokubonisa imeko yonyango engaphantsi, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis, kwaye kufuneka ilawulwe ngonyango. Kwiimeko apho amayeza engacothisi okanye olawula ukonakala okuqhubekayo, ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kunokuba yimfuneko.