Ngaba iMacdonald Triad yokuQikelela ukubulala ngokuBulala?

Umxholo

• Iimpawu ezi-3
• Inkohlakalo yezilwanyana
• Ukucwangcisa umlilo
• Ukutsalaliswa kwebhedi (enuresis)
• Ngaba ichanekile?
• Ukuvavanya iziphumo
• Ithiyori yokufunda kwezentlalo
• Ukuphindaphinda ithiyori yobundlobongela
• Indlela yale mihla
• Imbali yale ithiyori
• Ukuqikelela okungcono kobundlobongela
• Umgca wezantsi

I-Macdonald triad ibhekisa kwingcinga yokuba kukho imiqondiso emithathu enokubonisa ukuba ngaba umntu uza kukhula abe ngumbulali obulalayo okanye olunye uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela:

• ukhohlakele okanye uphathe gadalala izilwanyana, ngakumbi izilwanyana zasekhaya
• ukubeka umlilo kwizinto okanye ukwenza ezinye izinto ezincinci zokutshisa
• ukumanzisa rhoqo ibhedi

Olu luvo lwaqala ukuba namandla xa umphandi kunye nogqirha wengqondo u-JM Macdonald epapashe uphononongo olunempikiswano ngo-1963 kwizifundo zangaphambili eziphakamise unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha kwabantwana kunye notyekelo lobundlobongela ebudaleni.

Kodwa ukuqonda kwethu malunga nokuziphatha komntu kunye nokunxibelelana kwengqondo yethu kuye kwafika indlela ende kumashumi eminyaka ukusukela oko.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokubonisa ezi ndlela zokuziphatha ebuntwaneni kwaye bangakhuli babe ngababulali ababulalayo.

Kodwa kwakutheni ukuze babathathu?

Iimpawu ezi-3

I-Macdonald triad ichaza izinto ezintathu eziphambili zokuziphatha gwenxa. Nantsi into eyayifundwa sisifundo sikaMacdonald malunga nesenzo ngasinye kunye nokunxibelelana nokuziphatha okunobundlobongela ngokulandelelana.

UMacdonald ubanga ukuba uninzi lwezifundo zakhe zibonise ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha ebuntwaneni ezinokuba nokunxibelelana nokuziphatha kwabo njengogonyamelo njengabantu abadala.

Inkohlakalo yezilwanyana

UMacdonald wayekholelwa kwelokuba inkohlakalo kwizilwanyana ibangelwa kukuhlaziswa kwabanye ngabantwana ixesha elide. Oku kwakuyinyani ngokukodwa ekuxhatshazweni ngabantu abadala okanye abanegunya abadala ababengenako ukuziphindezela kubo.

Abantwana endaweni yoko benza ulwaneliseko lwabo kwizilwanyana ukukhuphela umsindo wabo kwinto engenamandla kunye nokuzikhusela.

Oku kunokuvumela umntwana ukuba azive enolawulo kwindalo esingqongileyo ngenxa yokuba abanamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba bathathe inyathelo lobundlobongela nxamnye nomntu omdala onokubenzakalisa okanye ahlaze.

Ukucwangcisa umlilo

UMacdonald ucebise ukuba ukubeka imililo kunokusetyenziswa njengendlela yabantwana yokuveza iimvakalelo zobundlongondlongo kunye nokungabikho koncedo okubangelwe kukuthotywa kwabantu abadala abavakalelwa kukuba abanakulawula.

Ihlala icingelwa ukuba yenye yeempawu zokuqala zendlela yobundlobongela ebudaleni.

Ukucwangciswa komlilo akubandakanyi ngokuthe ngqo isidalwa esiphilayo, kodwa kusenganikezela ngesiphumo esibonakalayo esanelisa iimvakalelo ezingasonjululwanga.

Ukutsalaliswa kwebhedi (enuresis)

Ukubetheka okuqhubekayo okuqhubeka emva kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kwiinyanga ezininzi kwakucingelwa nguMacdonald ukuba kunxulunyaniswe neemvakalelo ezifanayo zokuthotywa ezinokuzisa ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezinobundlongondlongo kunye nokubeka umlilo.

Ukutsalaliswa kwebhedi yinxalenye yomjikelo enokuthi inyuse iimvakalelo zokuthotywa xa umntwana eziva ukuba usengxakini okanye uneentloni ngokumanzisa ibhedi.

Umntwana unokuziva exhalabile ngakumbi kwaye engenakunceda njengoko beqhubeka nokuziphatha. Oku kunokuba negalelo ekumanziseni ibhedi rhoqo. Ukutsalaliswa ebhedini kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo.

Ngaba ichanekile?

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uMacdonald ngokwakhe wayengakholelwa ukuba uphando lwakhe lufumene naluphi na unxibelelwano oluchanekileyo phakathi kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha kunye nobundlobongela babantu abadala.

Kodwa oko akubanqandi abaphandi ekufuneni ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweMacdonald triad kunye nokuziphatha okunobundlobongela.

Uphando olunzulu lwenziwe ukuvavanya kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba amabango kaMacdonald okuba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinokuxela kwangaphambili indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu abanobundlobongela ebudaleni.

Ukuvavanya iziphumo

I-duo yophando yoogqirha bengqondo uDaniel Hellman kunye noNathan Blackman bapapasha isifundo sijonga kufutshane kumabango kaMacdonald.

Olu phononongo luka-1966 luvavanye abantu abangama-88 ababanjelwe ubundlobongela okanye ukubulala kwaye bathi bafumene iziphumo ezifanayo. Oku kubonakala ngathi kuxhasa ukufunyanwa kukaMacdonald.

Kodwa uHellman noBlackman bafumana kuphela i-triad epheleleyo kuma-31 kubo. Eminye engama-57 izalisekise ubathathu emnye ngokuyinxenye.

Ababhali bacebise ukuba ukuphathwa gadalala, ukwaliwa, okanye ukungahoywa ngabazali banokuba nabo badlale indima, kodwa khange bajonge nzulu kule nto.

Ithiyori yokufunda kwezentlalo

Isifundo sika-2003 sajonga ngokusondeleyo kwiipatheni zokuziphatha kakubi kwezilwanyana ebuntwaneni babantu abahlanu kamva abagwetywa ngokubulala ngokulandelelana ebudaleni.

Abaphandi basebenzise inkqubo yophando lwengqondo eyaziwa njengethiyori yokufunda koluntu. Olu luvo lokuba isimilo sinokufundwa ngokulinganisa okanye ukumodareyitha kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha.

Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuba inkohlakalo kwizilwanyana ebuntwaneni ingabeka isiseko sokuba umntwana aphumelele ekubeni yinkohlakalo okanye enobundlobongela kwabanye abantu ebudaleni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hypothesis yokuthweswa izidanga.

Iziphumo zokufunda ezinempembelelo zisekwe kwidatha encinci yezifundo ezintlanu kuphela. Kububulumko ukuthatha iziphumo zayo kunye nengqolowa yetyuwa. Kodwa kukho ezinye izifundo ezibonakala ngathi ziyangqina iziphumo zayo.

Ukuphindaphinda ithiyori yobundlobongela

Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2004 lwafumanisa ukuba indlela yokuziphatha enogonyamelo inxulumene nobundlobongela bezilwanyana. Ukuba isifundo sinembali yokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kobundlobongela kwizilwanyana, banokubakho ubundlobongela ebantwini.

Olu phononongo luye lwacebisa ukuba ukuba nabantakwenu kungonyusa ithuba lokuba inkohlakalo ephindaphindwayo yezilwanyana inokunyuka iye kubundlobongela kwabanye abantu.

Indlela yale mihla

Uphengululo lwango-2018 lwamashumi eminyaka kuncwadi kwi-Macdonald triad yaguqula le ithiyori entloko.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba bambalwa abagwetywe abaphuli-mthetho abanobundlobongela omnye okanye nayiphi na indibaniselwano yesithathu. Abaphandi bacebise ukuba i-triad inokuthenjwa njengesixhobo sokubonisa ukuba umntwana unendawo engasebenziyo ekhaya.

Imbali yale ithiyori

Nangona ithiyori kaMacdonald ayibambeleli ncam ekuvavanyeni uphando, izimvo zakhe zikhankanywe ngokwaneleyo kuncwadi nakumajelo eendaba ukuba bathathe ubomi babo.

Incwadi eyathengiswa kakhulu ngo-1988 ziiarhente ze-FBI yazisa uthathu kuluntu ngokubanzi ngokudibanisa ezinye zezi ndlela zokuziphatha kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo nokubulala.

Kutshanje, uthotho lweNetflix "iMindhunter," esekwe kwikhondo learhente ye-FBI kunye neprofayili yengqondo enguvulindlela uJohn Douglas, ibuyise umdla omkhulu woluntu kwimbono yokuba iindlela ezithile zokuziphatha ezinogonyamelo zingakhokelela ekubulaleni uqobo.

Ukuqikelela okungcono kobundlobongela

Phantse akunakwenzeka ukubanga ukuba iindlela ezithile zokuziphatha okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo zinokunxulumana ngqo nokuziphatha okunobundlobongela okanye ukubulala.

Kodwa emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophando, abanye ababikezeli bobundlobongela bacetyiswa njengeendlela eziqhelekileyo kwabo benza ubundlobongela okanye ukubulala sele bebadala.

Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kuziwa kubantu ababonisa iimpawu zokungahambelani noluntu, olwaziwa kakhulu njengentlalontle.

Abantu ababonwa njenge "sociopaths" abayenzi ingozi okanye benze ubundlobongela kwabanye. Kodwa uninzi lweempawu zentlalontle, ngakumbi xa zibonakala ebuntwaneni njengokuziphatha okungalunganga, unokuxela kwangaphambili ubundlobongela xa umdala.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu:

• ukungabonakalisi mida okanye ukuthathela ingqalelo amalungelo abanye
• bangakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kokulungileyo nokungalunganga
• akukho zimpawu zokuzisola okanye uvelwano xa benze into engalunganga
• Ukuphindaphinda okanye ukuxoka kwezifo
• ukuphatha abanye okanye ukubenzakalisa, ngakumbi ukuzenzela inzuzo
• ukwaphula umthetho ungazisoli
• ungakhathaleli imigaqo ejikeleze ukhuseleko okanye uxanduva lomntu
• ukuzithanda okuzomeleleyo, okanye i-narcissism
• ukukhawuleza ukuba nomsindo okanye ukujonga ngokukhawuleza xa ugxekwa
• ukubonisa umtsalane ongaphezulu okhawulezayo ukumka xa izinto zingahambi ngendlela yazo

Umgca wezantsi

Umbono kathathu kaMacdonald ungaphezulu kancinci.

Kukho uphando olucebisa ukuba inokuba iqulethe inyani. Kodwa kukude kwindlela ethembekileyo yokuxela ukuba iindlela ezithile zokuziphatha ziya kukhokelela kugonyamelo okanye ukubulala njengoko umntwana ekhula.

Iindlela ezininzi zokuziphatha ezichazwe yi-Macdonald triad kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezifanayo ziziphumo zokuxhatshazwa okanye ukungahoywa ukuba abantwana baziva bengenamandla okulwa nabo.

Umntwana angakhula enobundlobongela okanye ophethe gadalala ukuba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha azithathwa okanye zingalungiswa.

Kodwa uninzi lwezinye izinto kwindalo esingqongileyo nazo zinokuba negalelo, kwaye abantwana abakhulela kwindawo enye okanye abaneemeko ezifanayo zokuxhatshazwa okanye ubundlobongela banokukhula ngaphandle kwale misebenzi.

Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba i-triad ikhokelele kwindlela enogonyamelo kwixa elizayo. Akukho nanye kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha enokunxulumana ngqo nobundlobongela okanye ukubulala.