Ukufa okuMnyama: yintoni, iimpawu, unyango kunye nokuhanjiswa

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• 1. Isibetho seBubonic okanye isibetho esimnyama
• 2. Ubhubhane wesifo
• 3. Isibetho semiphunga
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Ukuhanjiswa kwesibetho sebubonic
• Ungakuphepha njani ukubamba iSibetho
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Isibetho esimnyama, esikwabizwa ngokuba sisibetho se-bubonic okanye isibetho nje, sisifo esibi kwaye esidla ngokubulala esibangelwa yintsholongwaneYersinia pestis, edluliselwa ngeentakumba ezisuka kwizilwanyana eziziimpuku zisiya ebantwini.

Esi sifo siqhambuke kakhulu kumaXesha Aphakathi, sabangela ukuba kubhubhe phantse i-30% yabemi baseYurophu, nangona kunjalo, kule mihla kunqabile, kuhlala rhoqo kwezinye iindawo kumazantsi eSahara eAfrika nakwiziqithi zaseMadagascar. , umzekelo. umzekelo. EBrazil, amatyala okugqibela axeliweyo ayesemva konyaka ka-2000, enamatyala amathathu kuphela kwilizwe lonke, eBahia, eCear naseRio de Janeiro.

Xa kukho urhano lwesibetho esimnyama kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo lonyango ngokukhawuleza, njengakabantu abangafumani nyango kwiiyure ezingama-48 amathuba okuphilisa aphantsi kakhulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili zesibetho, ezahluka ngokwendlela isifo esisasazwe ngayo kunye neempawu zaso:

1. Isibetho seBubonic okanye isibetho esimnyama

Luhlobo lwesibetho esaziwa kakhulu oludala iimpawu ezinje:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu ko 38º C;
• Ukugodola okungapheliyo;
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ulwimi (ii-lymph nodes) zidumbile kwaye zibuhlungu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bubo.

I-ganglia ihlala ivutha kufutshane nokulunywa yintakumba, kodwa ukuba unyango aluqalanga, usulelo lunokusasazeka ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic, echaphazela umzimba uphela.

2. Ubhubhane wesifo

Isibetho se-septicic senzeka xa i-Plague bacteria iphindaphindeka egazini kwaye, ke, ukongeza ekudinweni kakhulu, umkhuhlane kunye nokugodola, kuqhelekile nakwezinye iimpawu ezinje ngeentlungu zesisu kunye neendawo ezimfusa eluswini, ezibangelwa kukopha phantsi kolusu ulusu.

Ukongeza, ezinye iindawo zolusu zinokujika zimnyama ngenxa yokufa kwezicubu, ezixhaphake kakhulu empumlweni, eminweni nasezinzwaneni.

3. Isibetho semiphunga

Olu hlobo lwesibetho luhamba kunye nophuhliso lwenyumoniya, ke ngoko, ezinye iimpawu zihlala zibandakanya:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla;
• Ukuziva uphefumla kancinci;
• Iintlungu zesifuba;
• Ukukhohlela rhoqo okungaqulatha igazi.

Isifo semiphunga sinokuvela ngokufuthwa kwamasuntswana angcoliswe lilindle leempuku, kodwa ikwayingxaki eqhelekileyo yezinye iintlobo zesibetho, ngakumbi isifo sesifo, xa unyango lungaqalwa ngexesha. Ixesha lokufukama liyahluka ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3.

Nangona inqabile ngakumbi, olu hlobo lwesibetho luyingozi kakhulu, ngakumbi kuba lunokusasazeka ngokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla phakathi kwabantu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezivaliweyo kunye nomoya owenziweyo okanye owehlileyo. Ke, abantu abanolu hlobo lwesibetho kufuneka bagcinwe bodwa.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ngokwesiqhelo ukuxilongwa kwesibetho kurhaneleka kulwazi olunikezwe ngumntu onxulumene nomkhwa wakhe wobomi, umzekelo, ukuba ebekwindawo ezinamatyala esi sifo, ukongeza kubukho beempawu okanye iimpawu ezibonisa esi sifo, ukudumba kwamanzi, umkhuhlane kunye nokudinwa kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, isikhohlela, igazi kunye / okanye uvavanyo lwamanzi lunokwenziwa, kunye ne-biopsy yeqhekeza lesicubu esithathwe kulwimi, umzekelo, ukuze kuchongwe ubukho bentsholongwane. Yersinia pestis, eqinisekisa isifo.

Ukuhanjiswa kwesibetho sebubonic

Ukuhanjiswa kwesibetho esimnyama kwenziwa kwiimeko ezininzi ngokusebenzisa iimpuku, ngakumbi iigundane, kodwa ngesiqhelo esi sifo sifikelela ebantwini ngeentakumba. Kungenxa yokuba, emva kokubangela ukuba impuku ife, intakumba ihlala ifudukela kweminye imizimba ukuze iqhubeke nokondla igazi. Ngesi sizathu, esi sifo sinokuvela nakwezinye izilwanyana ezilumkileyo, ezinje ngeekati okanye izinja.

Nangona inqabile kakhulu, isifo singadlula sivela komnye umntu siye komnye, kodwa oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwimeko yesifo sephepha, apho intsholongwane inokudluliselwa ngamathontsi akhutshwa xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Olunye uhlobo losulelo kukudibana negazi okanye ulwelo lwabanye abantu okanye izilwanyana ezinesifo.

Ungakuphepha njani ukubamba iSibetho

Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuthintela isibetho sebubonic kukulawula inani leentonga. Ukwenza oku, ekhaya, kungcono ukunqanda ukuqokelela inkunkuma, ngakumbi ikhadibhodi kunye neemagazini ezindala, umzekelo, kuba iigundane zisebenzisa olu hlobo lwezinto ukwenza indlwane yazo.

Ukongeza, enye indlela yokuthintela isifo kukudlulisa iimveliso zentakumba kwizilwanyana zasekhaya, ngakumbi ukuba ezi zilwanyana ziya esitratweni.

Ukuba kuye kwakho ukuqhambuka kwesibetho, izinto ezigxothayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe eluswini ukuthintela izinambuzane kunye neentakumba ezinokosuleleka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo nayiphi na imiqondiso okanye isibonakaliso sokurhanela kufuneka uye esibhedlele kwangoko.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesibetho kufuneka lwenziwe kusetyenziswa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aboniswe ngugqirha. Ngexesha lonyango kunyanzelekile ukuba uhlale esibhedlele kwigumbi elizimeleyo, ukunqanda ukudlulisela esi sifo kwabanye.

Ngokufanelekileyo, unyango kufuneka luqaliswe kwangoko xa iimpawu zokuqala ziqala njengoko kukho umngcipheko wesibetho esikhokelela ekufeni kungaphelanga neeyure ezingama-24, umngcipheko omkhulu kwiiyure zokuqala ezili-15 emva kokuqala kweempawu. Ke, ukuba kukho urhano ngesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ukuba uye esibhedlele ukuya kuqinisekisa isifo kwaye uqalise ukusebenzisa isibulala-zintsholongwane. Qonda ukuba lwenziwa njani unyango lwesibetho esimnyama.