Plasmapheresis: yintoni, kwenziwa njani kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka

Umxholo

• Yenzelwe ntoni
• Kwenziwa njani
• Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka zeplasmapheresis

I-Plasmapheresis luhlobo lonyango olusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimeko yezifo apho kukho ukonyuka kwesixa sezinto ezinokuba yingozi empilweni, ezinje ngeeproteni, ii-enzymes okanye izilwa-buhlungu, umzekelo.

Ke, i-plasmapheresis inokucetyiswa kunyango lwe-Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome kunye ne-Myasthenia Gravis, esisifo sokuzimela komzimba esibonakaliswa kukuphulukana nomsebenzi we-muscle ngenxa yemveliso ye-autoantibodies.

Le nkqubo ijolise ekususeni izinto ezikhoyo kwiplasma ngenkqubo yokuhluza. IPlasma ihambelana ne-10% yegazi kwaye ineeproteni, iswekile, izimbiwa, iihomoni kunye nezinto ezijiyisayo, umzekelo. Funda ngakumbi ngamalungu egazi nemisebenzi yawo.

Yenzelwe ntoni

I-Plasmapheresis yinkqubo ejolise ekucoceni igazi, isuse izinto ezikhoyo kwiplasma kwaye ibuyisele iplasma emzimbeni ngaphandle kwezinto ezibangela okanye eziqhubekayo nesifo.

Ke, le nkqubo ibonakalisiwe kunyango lwezifo ezenzeka ngokwanda kwezinye zeeplasma, ezinjengee-antibodies, i-albin okanye izinto ezijiyisayo, ezinje:

• ULupus;
• IMyasthenia gravis;
• Multiple myeloma;
• I-Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia;
• Isifo seGuillain-Barré;
• Isifo sokugubhuka;
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (PTT);

Nangona iplasmapheresis ilunyango olusebenzayo kunyango lwezi zifo, kubalulekile ukuba umntu aqhubeke nokwenza unyango lweziyobisi oluchazwe ngugqirha, kuba ukusebenza kwale nkqubo akukuthinteli ukuveliswa kwezinto ezinxulumene nesi sifo.

Oko kukuthi, kwimeko yezifo ezisebenza ngokuzimela, umzekelo, iplasmapheresis ikhuthaza ukususwa kwee-autoantibodies, nangona kunjalo ukuveliswa kwezi ntsholongwane akukhubazeki, kwaye umntu kufuneka asebenzise amachiza okunyanga ngokungqinelana nokhokelo lukagqirha.

Kwenziwa njani

I-Plasmapheresis yenziwa nge-catheter ebekwe kwi-jugular okanye femoral tract kwaye iseshoni nganye ihlala i-avareji yeeyure ezi-2, ezinokwenziwa mihla le okanye ngezinye iintsuku, ngokwesikhokelo sikagqirha. Kuxhomekeka kwisifo esinyangiweyo, ugqirha unokucebisa iiseshoni ezingaphezulu okanye ezingaphantsi, iiseshoni ezisi-7 zihlala ziboniswa.

I-Plasmapheresis yonyango olufana ne-hemodialysis, apho igazi lomntu lisuswe kwaye iplasma yahlulwe. Le plasma yenziwa kwinkqubo yokuhluza, apho izinto ezikhoyo zisuswe kwaye iplasma engenaziyobisi ibuyiselwe emzimbeni.

Le nkqubo, nangona kunjalo, icoca zonke izinto ezikhoyo kwiplasma, zombini ziluncedo kwaye zinobungozi, kwaye, ke, umthamo wezinto eziluncedo uphinde utshintshwe kusetyenziswa isikhwama seplasma esitsha esibonelelwe yibhanki yegazi yesibhedlele, ukuthintela iingxaki umntu.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka zeplasmapheresis

I-Plasmapheresis yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo, kodwa njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo engenayo, inobungozi, eyona iphambili yile:

• Ukubunjwa kwe-hematoma kwindawo yokufikelela kwi-venous;
• Umngcipheko wosulelo kwindawo yokungena ye-venous;
• Umngcipheko ophezulu wokopha, ngenxa yokususwa kwezinto ezijiyileyo ezikhoyo kwiplasma;
• Umngcipheko wempendulo yotofelo-gazi, njengokuphendula okungafunekiyo kwiiproteni ezikhoyo kwiplasma eyayifakwe igazi.

Ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuncinci umngcipheko weengxaki, kubalulekile ukuba le nkqubo yenziwa yingcali eqeqeshiweyo ehloniphayo imeko yezempilo enxulumene nokhuseleko lwesigulana. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe utofelo-gazi lweplasma entsha, kuba ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba izinto eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kakuhle komzimba zikwimilinganiselo efanelekileyo.