Imingcipheko kunye neengxaki zoTyando lokuTshintsha uKnee

Umxholo

• Ziqheleke kangakanani iingxaki?
• Iingxaki ezivela kwi-anesthesia
• Amahlwili egazi
• Usulelo
• Intlungu eqhubekayo
• Iingxaki ezivela kutofelo-gazi
• Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto zensimbi
• Amanxeba okwenzakala nokopha
• Ukulimala kwemithambo
• Umonakalo okanye umonakalo we-neurovascular
• Ukuqina kwamadolo kunye nokulahleka kwesindululo
• Ukufaka iingxaki
• Yise kude

Ukuhlinzwa ngokutshintshwa kwamadolo ngoku yinkqubo esemgangathweni, kodwa kuya kufuneka uyazi ingozi ngaphambi kokungena kwigumbi lokusebenza.

Ziqheleke kangakanani iingxaki?

Ngaphezulu kwe-600,000 yabantu bayenziwa utyando lwamadolo rhoqo ngonyaka e-United States. Iingxaki ezinzima, ezinjengosulelo, zinqabile. Zenzeka kwiimeko ezingaphantsi kweepesenti ezimbini zamatyala.

Zimbalwa iingxaki ezenzekayo ngexesha lokuhlala esibhedlele emva kokutshintsha kwedolo.

I-Healthline yahlalutya idatha kwi-Medicare engaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1.5 kunye nabantu abucala abaqinisekisiweyo ukuba bajonge ngakumbi. Bafumanise ukuba iipesenti ezi-4,5 zabantu abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwama-65 bafumana amava ngelixa besesibhedlele emva kokutshintshwa kwedolo.

Kubantu abadala abadala, nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko weengxaki wawungaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini.

• Phantse iipesenti ezi-1 zabantu bahlakulela usulelo emva kotyando.
• Ngaphantsi kweepesenti ze-2 zabantu abaphuhlisa amahlwili egazi.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umntu unokuba ne-osteolysis. Oku kukudumba okwenzeka ngenxa yokunxiba microscopic yeplastikhi xa kufakwa emadolweni. Ukudumba kubangela ukuba ithambo linyibilike kwaye buthathaka.

Iingxaki ezivela kwi-anesthesia

Ugqirha unokusebenzisa i-anesthesia ngokubanzi okanye yendawo ngexesha lotyando. Ihlala ikhuselekile, kodwa inokuba neziphumo ezibi.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• ukugabha
• isiyezi
• ndingcangcazela
• umqala obuhkungu
• iintlungu neentlungu
• ukungonwabi
• ukozela

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• negazi lakho
• ukwenzakala kwemithambo-luvo

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki, qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho kwangaphambili malunga nokunye oku kulandelayo:

• amayeza okanye amayeza e-counter
• izongezo
• ukusetyenziswa kwecuba
• ukusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye utywala

Ezi zinokusebenzisana namayeza kwaye zinokuphazamisa i-anesthesia.

Amahlwili egazi

Kukho umngcipheko wokukhula kwegazi emva kotyando njenge-vein thrombosis (DVT).

Ukuba iqokobhe lihamba ligazi kwaye libangela ukuvaleka emiphungeni, ukubola kwemiphunga (PE) kunokubangela. Oku kungasongela ubomi.

Amahlwili egazi angenzeka ngexesha okanye emva kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lotyando, kodwa zixhaphake kakhulu emva kotyando lwamathambo njengokutshintsha kwamadolo.

Iimpawu zihlala zivela kwiiveki ezi-2 zotyando, kodwa amahlwili anokuvela kwiiyure ezimbalwa okanye ngexesha lenkqubo.

Ukuba uphuhlisa ihlwili, kungafuneka uchithe ixesha elongezelelekileyo esibhedlele.

Uhlalutyo lwe-Healthline lwe-Medicare kunye nedatha yabucala yokuhlawulwa kwamatyala yafumanisa ukuba:

• Ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezintathu zabantu baxele i-DVT ngexesha lokuhlala kwabo esibhedlele.
• Ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-4 zixele i-DVT ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-90 zotyando.

Amahlwili enza kwaye ahlala emilenzeni abeka umngcipheko omncinci. Nangona kunjalo, iqabunga elikhupha kwaye lihambe emzimbeni liye entliziyweni okanye kwimiphunga kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu.

Amanyathelo anokunciphisa umngcipheko abandakanya:

• Amayeza okucoca igazi. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela amayeza afana ne-warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, enoxaparin (Lovenox), fondaparinux (Arixtra), okanye i-aspirin ukunciphisa umngcipheko wamahlwili emva kotyando.
• Iindlela zokuphucula ukujikeleza. Isitokhwe senkxaso, imithambo esezantsi yemilenze, iimpompo zethole, okanye ukunyusa imilenze kunokunyusa ukujikeleza kwaye kuthintele amahlwili ekwakheni.

Qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngemingcipheko yakho yamahlwili ngaphambi kotyando lwakho. Ezinye iimeko, ezinje ngokutshaya okanye ukutyeba kakhulu, zonyusa umngcipheko.

Ukuba uqaphela oku kulandelayo kwindawo ethile yomlenze wakho, inokuba luphawu lwe-DVT:

• bomvu
• ukudumba
• intlungu
• ubushushu

Ukuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo ziyenzeka, oko kunokuthetha ukuba ihlwili lifikelele kwimiphunga:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• isiyezi nokudinwa
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
• umkhuhlane omncinci
• ukukhwehlela, okunokuthi okanye kungaze kuvelise gazi

Yazisa ugqirha wakho kwangoko ukuba ubona naluphi na olu tshintsho.

Iindlela zokuthintela amahlwili egazi zibandakanya:

• ukugcina imilenze iphakanyisiwe
• ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza elinconyelwa ngugqirha
• ukuphepha ukuhlala uzolile ixesha elide

Usulelo

Usulelo alufane lubekho emva kotyando olwenziwe ngamadolo, kodwa zinokwenzeka. Usulelo luyingxaki enkulu, kwaye ifuna unyango kwangoko.

Ngokuya kuhlalutyo lwe-Healthline lwe-Medicare kunye nedatha yabucala yokuhlawulwa kwamabango, iipesenti eziyi-1.8 zichaze usulelo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-90 zotyando.

Usulelo lunokwenzeka ukuba iintsholongwane zingena edolweni ngexesha okanye emva kotyando.

Ababoneleli ngezeMpilo bayawunciphisa lo mngcipheko ngokuthi:

• Ukuqinisekisa imeko yendawo engenabungozi kwigumbi lokusebenza
• ukusebenzisa kuphela izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezinto zokufakelwa
• ukumisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kotyando, ngexesha nasemva kotyando

Iindlela zokuthintela okanye zokulawula usulelo zibandakanya:

• ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane
• ukulandela yonke imiyalelo malunga nokugcina inxeba licocekile
• ukunxibelelana nogqirha ukuba kukho iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngokuba bomvu, ukudumba, okanye ukudumba okuba mandundu kunokuba kubhetele
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ugqirha uyazi ngayo nayiphi na imeko yezempilo onokuba unayo okanye amayeza owathathayo

Abanye abantu bathambekele kakhulu kusulelo njengoko amajoni abo omzimba esengozini ngenxa yonyango okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile. Oku kubandakanya abantu abanesifo seswekile, i-HIV, abo basebenzisa amayeza okusikhusela emzimbeni, kunye nabo bathatha amayeza emva kofakelo.

Fumanisa ngakumbi malunga nokuba usulelo lwenzeka njani emva kotyando olwenziwe ngamadolo kwaye wenze ntoni ukuba luyenzeka.

Intlungu eqhubekayo

Kuqhelekile ukuba neentlungu ezithile emva kotyando, kodwa oku kufuneka kuphuculwe ethubeni. Oogqirha banokubonelela ngentlungu yokuphelisa kude kwenzeke oku.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, iintlungu zinokuqhubeka. Abantu abaneentlungu eziqhubekayo okanye eziya zisiba mandundu kufuneka bafune iingcebiso kugqirha wabo, kuba kunokubakho ingxaki.

Eyona ngxaki iqhelekileyo kukuba abantu abayithandi indlela asebenza ngayo amadolo abo okanye bayaqhubeka ukuba neentlungu okanye ukuqina.

Iingxaki ezivela kutofelo-gazi

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umntu unokufuna utofelo-gazi emva kwenkqubo yokutshintsha kwamadolo.

Iibhanki zegazi eUnited States zihlola lonke igazi ukuze lisuleleke. Akufuneki kubekho umngcipheko weengxaki ngenxa yotofelo-gazi.

Ezinye izibhedlele zikucela ukuba ugcine igazi lakho ngaphambi kotyando. Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa malunga noku ngaphambi kwenkqubo.

Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto zensimbi

Abanye abantu banokufumana impendulo kwisinyithi esisetyenzisiweyo edolweni lokufakelwa.

Ukufakwa kunokuqulatha i-titanium okanye i-cobalt-chromium-based alloy. Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sokungabikho kwentsimbi sele besazi ukuba banalo.

Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nale okanye nayiphi na into ebangelwa kukungabikho komzimba ngaphambi kokuba utyandwe.

Amanxeba okwenzakala nokopha

Ugqirha uya kusebenzisa iisuture okanye ukutya okusetyenziselwa ukuvala inxeba. Bahlala bezisusa emva kweeveki ezi-2.

Iingxaki ezinokuvela zibandakanya:

• Xa inxeba licotha ukuphola kwaye ukopha kuyaqhubeka kangangeentsuku ezininzi.
• Xa abancinci begazi, abanokukunceda ukuthintela amahlwili, banegalelo kwiingxaki zokopha. Ugqirha kusenokufuneka aphinde avule inxeba kwaye akhuphe ulwelo.
• Xa i-cyst ye-Baker yenzeka, xa ulwelo lusakha emva kwedolo. Ingcali yezempilo inokufuna ukukhupha ulwelo ngenaliti.
• Ukuba ulusu aluphilisi kakuhle, unokufuna ulusu lokumiliselwa.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki, jonga inxeba kwaye wazise ugqirha wakho ukuba akaphili okanye uyaqhubeka ukopha.

Ukulimala kwemithambo

Imithambo enkulu yomlenze ithe ngqo emva kwedolo. Ngesi sizathu, kukho ithuba elincinci kakhulu lokonakaliswa kwezi nqanawa.

Ugqirha otyandayo unakho ukulungisa imithambo ukuba kukho umonakalo.

Umonakalo okanye umonakalo we-neurovascular

Ukufikelela kwiipesenti ezili-10 zabantu abanokufumana umonakalo we-nerve ngexesha lotyando. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, unokufumana:

• ukuba ndindisholo
• ukuhla kweenyawo
• ubuthathaka
• ukurhawuzelela
• Ukutsha okanye ukurhabaxa

Ukuba uyazibona ezi mpawu, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho. Unyango luya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bomonakalo.

Ukuqina kwamadolo kunye nokulahleka kwesindululo

Izicubu ezinqabileyo okanye ezinye iingxaki ngamanye amaxesha zinokuchaphazela intshukumo emadolweni. Ukuzivocavoca okhethekileyo okanye unyango lomzimba kunokunceda ukusombulula le

Ukuba kukho ukuqina okunzima, umntu unokufuna inkqubo yokulandela ukuze aqhekeze izicwili ezibomvu okanye ahlengahlengise i-prosthesis ngaphakathi kwedolo.

Ukuba akukho ngxaki ingezelelweyo, iindlela zokuthintela ukuqina zibandakanya ukwenza imithambo rhoqo kunye nokuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukuqina akunciphisi ngexesha.

Ukufaka iingxaki

Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho ingxaki ngokufakwa. Umzekelo:

• Idolo alinako ukugoba ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukufakelwa kunokukhululeka okanye kungazinzi ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Iinxalenye zokumiliselwa zinokuphuka okanye ziphele.

Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lukaHealthline lweMedicare kunye nedatha yabucala yokuhlawula amabango, yiipesenti ezi-0.7 kuphela zabantu abahlangabezana neengxaki zoomatshini ngexesha lokuhlala kwabo esibhedlele, kodwa iingxaki zisenokuvela kwiiveki ezisemva kotyando.

Ukuba ezi ngxaki ziyenzeka, umntu unokufuna inkqubo yokulandela, okanye uhlaziyo, ukulungisa ingxaki.

Ezinye izizathu zokuba uhlaziyo lunokuba yimfuneko zibandakanya:

• usulelo
• iintlungu eziqhubekayo
• ukuqina kwedolo

Uhlalutyo lwedatha oluvela kwi-Medicare lubonisa ukuba ireyithi yomndilili yoqhaqho lokuhlaziywa phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-90 ziipesenti ezi-0.2, kodwa oku kunyuka kwipesenti ezi-3.7 kwinyanga ezili-18.

Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukunxiba kunye nokuzikhulula kokufakwa kwexesha elide kuchaphazela iipesenti ezi-6 zabantu emva kweminyaka emi-5 kunye neepesenti ezili-12 emva kweminyaka elishumi.

Ngokubanzi, ngaphezulu kwamalungu atshintshayo edolo asasebenza kwiminyaka engama-25 kamva, ngokwamanani apapashwe ngo-2018.

Iindlela zokunciphisa ukonakala kunye nomngcipheko womonakalo kubandakanya:

• ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo
• ukunqanda imisebenzi enefuthe eliphezulu, njengokubaleka kunye nokutsiba, njengoko ezi zinokubeka uxinzelelo kwindibaniselwano

Yise kude

Ukutshintshwa kwamadolo ngokupheleleyo yinkqubo esemgangathweni eyenziwa ngamawakawaka abantu minyaka le. Uninzi lwazo alunangxaki.

Kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba yeyiphi na imingcipheko kunye nendlela yokuzibona iimpawu zobunzima.

Oku kuya kukunceda uthathe isigqibo esichaziweyo malunga nokuba uyaqhubeka na. Iya kukuxhobisa ukuba uthathe amanyathelo xa kuvela ingxaki.