Ngaba Iiliso Zabantwana Zitshintsha Nini Umbala?

Umxholo

• Uwatshintsha nini amehlo osana umbala?
• Yintoni i-melanin enxulumene nombala wamehlo?
• Idlala njani indima kumbala wamehlo
• Ezinye izizathu zamehlo osana lwakho atshintsha imibala
• Yise kude

Ingumbono olungileyo ukuzibamba ekuthengeni isinxibo esithandekayo esihambelana nombala wamehlo wosana lwakho - ubuncinci ade umntwana wakho afike kumhla wokuzalwa kwabo wokuqala.

Kungenxa yokuba amehlo ojonge kuwo ekuzalweni anokukhangeleka ahluke kancinane kwiinyanga ezi-3, 6, 9, kwaneenyanga ezili-12 ubudala.

Ke ngaphambi kokuba unamathele kakhulu kuloo mehlo aluhlaza anenyanga ezi-6, yazi nje ukuba ezinye iintsana ziya kuba notshintsho ukuya kunyaka-1 ubudala. Abanye umbala wamehlo amancinci bade baqhubeke nokutshintsha ii-hues de babe baneminyaka emi-3 ubudala.

Uwatshintsha nini amehlo osana umbala?

Usuku lokuzalwa komntwana wakho lusuku olubalulekileyo, ngakumbi ukuba baya kungena kwikhekhe okokuqala. Kodwa kukwakwiminyaka yobudala onokuthi ngokukhuselekileyo umbala wamehlo wosana lwakho usetelwe.

"Ngokuqhelekileyo, amehlo omntwana anokutshintsha umbala kunyaka wokuqala wobomi," utshilo uBenjamin Bert, MD, ugqirha wamehlo e-Memorial Care Orange Coast Medical Centre.

Nangona kunjalo, uDaniel Ganjian, MD, ugqirha wabantwana eProvidence Saint John's Health Centre, uthi olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo kumbala lwenzeka phakathi kweenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6.

Kodwa i-hue oyibonayo kwiinyanga ezi-6 isenokuba ngumsebenzi oqhubekayo-oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ulinde iinyanga ezimbalwa (okanye nangaphezulu) ngaphambi kokugcwalisa icandelo lombala wamehlo kwincwadi yosana.

Nangona ungeke uqikelele ubudala obuchanekileyo bombala wamehlo omntwana wakho uya kuhlala ngokusisigxina, iAmerican Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) ithi uninzi lweentsana zinombala wamehlo oya kuhlala ixesha lokuphila kwazo xa eneenyanga ezilithoba ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye unako thatha ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuhlala kumbala wamehlo osisigxina.

Kwaye xa kuziwa kumbala wamehlo osana lwakho aya kuthatha, iingxaki zibekelelwe ukuthanda amehlo ansundu. I-AAO ithi isiqingatha sabo bonke abantu eUnited States banamehlo ansundu.

Ngokukodwa, uphononongo luka-2016 olubandakanya abantwana abali-192 abasandul 'ukuzalwa lwafumanisa ukuba ukwanda kokuzalwa kombala we-iris kwaba:

• Ama-63% omdaka
• 20.8% eblowu
• 5.7% eluhlaza / hazel
• I-9.9% ingapheliyo
• I-0.5% yeheterochromia (umahluko kumbala)

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba baninzi kakhulu abantwana abamhlophe / baseCaucasus abanamehlo aluhlaza kunye nabaseAsia, abemi baseHawaii / Pacific Islander, kunye neentsana zaseMnyama / zaseMelika ezinamehlo amdaka.

Ngoku ukuba ukuqonde ngcono xa amehlo osana lwakho anokutshintsha umbala (kwaye abe sisigxina), usenokuzibuza ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni emfihlekweni ukwenza olu tshintsho lwenzeke.

Yintoni i-melanin enxulumene nombala wamehlo?

I-Melanin, uhlobo lwe-pigment enegalelo kwizinwele zakho kunye nombala wesikhumba, nayo idlala indima kumbala we-iris.

Ngelixa iliso lomntwana luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ngwevu ekuzalweni, njengoko isifundo esingentla siphawulile, uninzi luntsundu kwasekuqaleni.

Njengoko ii-melanocytes ezikwi-iris zisabela ekukhanyeni nasekucofeni i-melanin, iAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ithi umbala weentsana zomntwana uya kuqala ukutshintsha.

Amehlo anomthunzi omnyama ukusuka ekuzalweni athanda ukuhlala ebumnyameni, ngelixa amanye amehlo aqala umthunzi okhanyayo aya kuthi abe mnyama njengoko imveliso ye-melanin inyuka.

Oku kwenzeka ngaphezulu konyaka wabo wokuqala wobomi, ngokutshintsha kombala kuyehla emva kweenyanga ezi-6. Inani elincinci le-melanin liphumela kwamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa yonyusa ukhuseleko kunye nosana lunokuphela ngamehlo aluhlaza okanye i-hazel.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unamehlo ansundu, ungabulela ii-melanocytes ezisebenza nzima ngokufihla uninzi lwe-melanin ukuvelisa umbala omnyama.

UBert uthi: "Yimigani ye-melanin efakwe kwi-iris yethu enika umbala wamehlo ethu." Kwaye i-melanin engakumbi onayo, iba mnyama amehlo akho.

Uyacacisa: "Umbala unombala omdaka ngombala, kodwa inani elikhona kwi-iris linokumisela ukuba unamehlo aluhlaza, aluhlaza, hazel, okanye omdaka."

Oko kwathiwa, uBert uxela ukuba nokubakho kwamehlo okutshintsha umbala kuxhomekeke kubungakanani be-pigment abaqala ngayo.

Idlala njani indima kumbala wamehlo

Ungabulela imfuza ngombala wamehlo wosana lwakho. Oko kukuthi, yemfuza ukuba bobabini abazali banegalelo.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uye phezulu ngokuzifihla ngenxa yokudlulisa amehlo akho amdaka, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ayisiyiyo enye yemfuza emisela umbala wamehlo omncinci wakho. Zininzi zofuzo ezisebenza ngokubambisana.

Ngapha koko, i-AAO ithi uninzi lwee-genes ezili-16 ezahlukeneyo zinokubandakanyeka, kwaye ezona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo ze-OCA2 kunye ne-HERC2. Olunye ufuzo lunokudibana nale mibini yemfuza kwaye lenze ukuqhubekeka kwemibala yamehlo kubantu abohlukeneyo, ngokweReferensi yasekhaya yeGenetics.

Nangona ingaqhelekanga, yiyo loo nto abantwana bakho banokuba namehlo aluhlaza nangona wena neqabane lakho ninomdaka.

Ngokunokwenzeka, abazali ababini abanamehlo aluhlaza baya kuba nomntwana onamehlo aluhlaza, njengabazali abanamehlo antsundu baya kuba nomntwana onamehlo ansundu.

Kodwa ukuba bobabini abazali banamehlo ansundu, kwaye utatomkhulu unamehlo aluhlaza, uyayonyusa amathuba okuba nomntwana onamehlo aluhlaza, ngokwe-AAP. Ukuba omnye umzali unamehlo aluhlaza kwaye omnye unombala omdaka, yinto yokungcakaza ngombala wamehlo omntwana.

Ezinye izizathu zamehlo osana lwakho atshintsha imibala

"Esinye isifo semehlo sinokuchaphazela umbala ukuba sibandakanya iris, eyindandatho yemisipha ejikeleze umfundi elawula ukungena komfundi kunye nokuxhuma xa sisuka [kwindawo] emnyama ukuya kwindawo ekhanyayo, ngokuchaseneyo, utshilo uKatherine Williamson, MD, FAAP.

Imizekelo yezi zifo zamehlo zibandakanya:

• ialbinism, apho amehlo, ulusu, okanye iinwele zinombala omncinci okanye zingenawo kwaphela
• i-aniridia, ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungagqibelelanga kwe-iris, ke uya kubona umbala omncinci okanye ungabikho kwamehlo kwaye, endaweni yoko, umfundi omkhulu okanye ongafanelekanga

Ezinye izifo zamehlo azibonakali, nangona kunjalo, njengombala wobumfama okanye i-glaucoma.

I-Heterochromia, ebonakaliswa ziirisisi ezingalinganiyo ngombala kumntu omnye, inokwenzeka:

• ekuzalweni ngenxa yemfuza
• ngenxa yenye imeko
• ngenxa yengxaki ngexesha lophuhliso lwamehlo
• ngenxa yokwenzakala okanye ukwenzakala kwiliso

Ngelixa zonke iintsana zikhula ngamazinga ahlukeneyo, iingcali zithi ukuba uqaphela imibala emibini eyahlukeneyo yamehlo okanye ukukhanya kombala wamehlo ngeenyanga ezi-6 okanye ezisi-7 ubudala, licebo elihle ukunxibelelana nogqirha wabantwana.

Yise kude

Usana lwakho luya kufumana utshintsho oluninzi kunyaka wabo wokuqala wokuphila. Olunye lolu tshintsho unokuba nelizwi kulo, ngelixa ezinye zingaphandle kolawulo lwakho.

Ngaphandle kokufaka igalelo kwimfuza yakho, akukho nto ingako unokuyenza ukuphembelela umbala wamehlo omntwana wakho.

Ke, ngelixa usenokubamba "i-baby blues" okanye "intombazana enamehlo amdaka," kungcono ukuba ungabambeki kumbala wamehlo omncinci wakho kude kube semva komhla wokuzalwa kwabo wokuqala.