Ukunyanga komzimba

Ukunyanga komzimba kukuziva ukhathazekile kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-allergener ezidibana nolusu, impumlo, amehlo, indlela yokuphefumla, kunye nephecana lesisu. Banokuphefumlelwa emiphungeni, baginye, okanye bafakwe inaliti.

Ukunyanga komzimba kuqhelekile. Impendulo yamajoni omzimba ebangela ukungalungelani iyafana nempendulo ebangela umkhuhlane ombi. Uninzi lwempendulo lwenzeka kwakamsinya emva kokudibana ne-allergen.

Uninzi lweempendulo ze-allergen zincinci, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba nzima kwaye zisongela ubomi. Banokuvalelwa kwindawo encinci yomzimba, okanye banokuchaphazela wonke umzimba. Eyona fomu inzima ibizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis okanye ukothuka kwe-anaphylactic. Ukuphendula komzimba kuyenzeka rhoqo kubantu abanembali yosapho.

Izinto ezingabakhathazi abantu abaninzi (ezinjenge-venous from bee stings kunye nokutya okuthile, amayeza, kunye ne-pollens) kunokubangela ukungahambelani komzimba kubantu abathile.

Ukuvezwa kwexesha lokuqala kunokuvelisa ukusabela okuncinci. Ukuboniswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunokukhokelela ekuphenduleni okunzulu. Nje ukuba umntu abe nokuvezwa okanye ukwaliwa (kukhuthazwa), nokuba ukubekeka emngciphekweni kwinani elincinci le-allergen kunokubangela ukusabela okuqatha.

Uninzi lweempendulo ezomeleleyo zenzeka kwimizuzwana okanye kwimizuzu emva kokuvezwa komzimba. Ezinye iimpendulo zinokwenzeka emva kweeyure ezininzi, ngakumbi ukuba i-allergen ibangela impendulo emva kokuba ityiwe. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, iimpendulo zikhula emva kweeyure ezingama-24.

I-Anaphylaxis yinto ekhawulezileyo nebukhali yokusabela okwenzekileyo eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu yokuvezwa. Unyango kwangoko luyafuneka kule meko. Ngaphandle konyango, i-anaphylaxis inokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhokelele ekufeni kwisithuba semizuzu eli-15.

Izifo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Umdaka wezilwanyana
• Inyosi ihlaba okanye ihlaba kwezinye izinambuzane
• Ukutya, ngakumbi amandongomane, iintlanzi kunye neentlanzi
• Ukulunywa zizinambuzane
• Amayeza
• Izityalo
• Umungu

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphendula kancinci kubandakanya:

• Imihlathi (ngakumbi entanyeni nasebusweni)
• Ukurhawuzelela
• Ukuxinana kwempumlo
• Rashes
• Amanzi, amehlo abomvu

Iimpawu zokuphendula okumodareyitha okanye ezinzima kubandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Izandi ezingaqhelekanga (eziphakamileyo) zokuphefumla izandi
• Ixhala
• Ukungonwabi kwesifuba okanye ukuqina
• Khohlela
• Urhudo
• Kunzima ukuphefumla, ukuvutha
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Utywala okanye intloko
• Ukugungxula okanye ukuba bomvu kobuso
• Isihlunu okanye ukugabha
• Iipalpitations
• Ukudumba kobuso, amehlo, okanye ulwimi
• Ukungabikho zingqondweni

Impendulo ethambileyo ukuya kumodareyitha:

Zolile kwaye uqinisekise umntu ophendulayo. Ukuxhalaba kunokwenza iimpawu zibe zibi ngakumbi.

Zama ukuchonga i-allergen kwaye umntu lowo aphephe ukuqhubeka nokunxibelelana nayo.

1. Ukuba umntu uvela irhashalala elirhawuzelelayo, sebenzisa uxinzelelo olupholileyo kunye nekhrim ye-hydrocortisone engaphezulu kwekhawunta.
2. Jonga umntu ukuba unempawu zokubandezeleka okwandayo.
3. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango. Ukuphendula kancinci, umboneleli wezempilo unokucebisa amayeza angaphaya kwekhawuntari, anjengee-antihistamines.

Ukuphendula kakubi kakhulu (anaphylaxis):

Jonga indlela yomoya yomntu, ukuphefumla, kunye nokujikeleza (iiABC zeNkxaso yoBomi esiSiseko). Uphawu lwesilumkiso sokudumba komqala okuyingozi lilizwi elirhwexayo okanye elisebezayo, okanye izandi ezirhabaxa xa umntu ephefumla emoyeni. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, qala ngokuhlangula ukuphefumla kunye neCPR.

1. Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo.
2. Zolile uze umqinisekise loo mntu.
3. Ukuba impendulo eyaliwa kukuvela kulwamvila lwenyosi, krwala ulusu oluhlaba ulusu ngento eqinileyo (enje ngomnwe okanye ngeplastikhi yekhadi letyala). Sukusebenzisa i-tweezers-ukucofa istinger kuya kukhupha ubuthi ngakumbi.
4. Ukuba umntu uneyeza lokungxamiseka elitofwayo (Epinephrine), lilawule ekuqaleni kwempendulo. Musa ukulinda ukubona ukuba impendulo iya isiba mandundu na. Kuphephe iyeza lomlomo ukuba umntu unengxaki yokuphefumla.
5. Thatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukothuka. Menze umntu alale ethe nkqo, uphakamise iinyawo zomntu malunga nee-intshi ezili-12 (iisentimitha ezingama-30), kwaye uzogqume ngengubo okanye ngengubo. Musa ukubeka umntu kule ndawo ukuba ukrokrelwa yintloko, intamo, umqolo, okanye umlenze okanye ukuba kubangela ukuphazamiseka.

Ukuba umntu unengxaki yokuphendula:

• Sukucinga ukuba nakuphi na ukungabikho komzimba umntu sele ekufumene kuya kukhusela ngokupheleleyo.
• Musa ukubeka umqamelo phantsi kwentloko yomntu ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla. Oku kungavala iindlela zomoya.
• Musa ukumnika nantoni na umntu ngomlomo ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla.

Biza uncedo lwezonyango (i-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo) kwangoko ukuba:

• Umntu unesifo esibi kakhulu. Musa ukulinda ukubona ukuba impendulo iya isiba mandundu na.
• Umntu unembali yokungaziphathi kakuhle (jonga i-tag yonyango).

Ukuthintela ukwaliwa:

• Gwema izinto ezinokubangela njengokutya kunye namayeza abangele ukuba abantu bangadibani nezinto ezithile ngaphambili. Buza imibuzo eneenkcukacha malunga nezithako xa usitya kude nekhaya.Jonga ngononophelo iilebheli zezithako.
• Ukuba unomntwana ongadliyo kukutya okuthile, yazisa ngokutya okutsha okwesixa esincinci ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukungalungelani.
• Abantu abaye baba negalelo elibukhali kakhulu kufuneka banxibe i-ID yonyango kwaye baphathe amayeza kaxakeka, afana nohlobo oluhlafunwayo lwe-chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), kunye ne-epinephrine ejojoweyo okanye ikiti yokuhlatywa yinyosi, ngokwemiyalelo yomboneleli wakho.
• Sukuyisebenzisa i-epinephrine yakho ejojowe kuye nakubani na. Banokuba nemeko, njengengxaki yentliziyo, enokuthi yenziwe mandundu leli chiza.

Anaphylaxis; Anaphylaxis - uncedo lokuqala

• Ukunyanga komzimba
• Dermatographism -ukusondela
• Dermatographism engalweni
• Imihlathi (urticaria) engalweni
• Imihlathi (urticaria) esifubeni
• Imingxuma (urticaria) - kufutshane
• Imihlathi (urticaria) esiqwini
• Dermatographism ngasemva
• Dermatographism - ingalo
• Ukunyanga komzimba

I-Auerbach PS. Ukuphendula ngokuchaseneyo. Ku: Auerbach PS, ed. Amayeza angaphandle. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: 64-65.

IBarkdale AN, uMuelleman RL. Allergy, hypersensitivity, kunye ne-anaphylaxis. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 109.

ICustovic A, Tovey E.Ulawulo lwe-Allergen lothintelo kunye nolawulo lwezifo ezichasayo. Ku: IBurks AW, iHolgate ST, u-O'Hehir RE, et al, ii-eds. I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 84.

U-Lieberman P, uNicklas RA, uRandolph C, okqhubekayo. I-Anaphylaxis - uhlaziyo lweparameter yokuziqhelanisa no-2015. U-Ann Utywala lwe-Asthma Immunol. 2015; 115 (5): 341-384. IINKCUKACHA: 26505932 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26505932/.