Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

I-Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) inqabile okanye iqinise imiphunga ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

Ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo abazi ukuba yintoni ebangela i-IPF okanye kutheni abanye abantu beyiphuhlisa. Idiopathic kuthetha ukuba unobangela awaziwa. Le meko inokubangelwa yimiphunga ephendula into engaziwayo okanye ukwenzakala. Imfuza inokudlala indima ekuphuhliseni i-IPF. Esi sifo senzeka rhoqo kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 nama-70 ubudala. I-IPF ixhaphake kakhulu emadodeni kunabafazi.

Xa une-IPF, imiphunga yakho iba namabala kwaye iqine. Oku kwenza kubenzima kuwe ukuphefumla. Uninzi lwabantu, i-IPF iba mandundu ngokukhawuleza ngaphezulu kweenyanga okanye iminyaka embalwa. Kwabanye, i-IPF iba mandundu ngakumbi ixesha elide.

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Intlungu yesifuba (ngamanye amaxesha)
• Ukukhwehlela (kuhlala komile)
• Awunakho ukusebenza njengangaphambili
• Ukuphefumla kancinci ngexesha lomsebenzi (olu phawu luhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka, kwaye ixesha elingaphezulu linokwenzeka xa uphumle)
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe
• Ukuhla kwesisindo somzimba

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga nembali yakho yonyango. Uya kubuzwa ukuba ubhentsisiwe kwi-asbestos okanye ezinye iityhefu kwaye ukuba uye watshaya.

Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokufumanisa ukuba une:

• Ukuphefumla ngendlela engaqhelekanga kubizwa ngokuba ziingceba
• Ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis) ejikeleze umlomo okanye iinzipho ngenxa yeoksijini ephantsi (enesifo esiphambili)
• Ukwandiswa kunye nokujikiswa kweziseko zeenzipho, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-clubbing (kunye nezifo eziphambili)

Uvavanyo olunceda ukufumanisa i-IPF lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Bronchoscopy
• Isisombululo esiphakamileyo sesifuba se-CT scan (HRCT)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Echocardiogram
• Imilinganiselo yenqanaba leoksijini yegazi (iiarterial blood gases)
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wePulmonary
• Uvavanyo lokuhamba lwemizuzu emi-6
• Uvavanyo lwezifo ezisebenza gwenxa njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, okanye scleroderma
• Imiphunga evulekileyo (yotyando) yemiphunga

Akukho lunyango lwe-IPF.

Unyango lujolise ekunciphiseni iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa ukukhula kwesifo:

• IPirfenidone (Esbriet) kunye nintedanib (Ofev) ngamayeza amabini anyanga i-IPF. Banokunceda ukucotha ukonakala kwemiphunga.
• Abantu abaneqondo eliphantsi leoksijini yegazi baya kufuna inkxaso yeoksijini ekhaya.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga akuyi kusinyanga isifo, kodwa kunokubanceda abantu benze umthambo ngokungaphefumli nzima.

Ukwenza utshintsho ekhaya nakwindlela yokuphila kunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu zokuphefumla. Ukuba wena okanye naliphi na ilungu losapho liyatshaya, ngoku lixesha lokuba uyeke.

Ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kunokuqwalaselwa kwabanye abantu abane-IPF ephambili.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Olunye ulwazi kunye nenkxaso yabantu abane-IPF kunye neentsapho zabo zifumaneka:

• Isiseko sePulmonary Fibrosis - www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/life-with-pf/support-groups
• Umbutho waseMelika wemiphunga - www.lung.org/support-and-community/

I-IPF inokuphucula okanye ihlale izinzile ixesha elide kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango. Uninzi lwabantu luya lubi ngakumbi, nangonyango.

Xa iimpawu zokuphefumla ziba nzima kakhulu, wena kunye nomboneleli wakho kufuneka nixoxe ngonyango olwandisa ubomi, njengokufakwa kwemiphunga. Xoxa nokucwangciswa kwangaphambili kwenkathalo.

Iingxaki ze-IPF zinokubandakanya:

• Amanqanaba aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngenxa yamanqanaba eoksijini egazini asezantsi
• Umphunga owileyo
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yemiphunga
• Ukusilela kokuphefumla
• I-Cor pulmonale (ukusilela kwentliziyo esekunene)
• Ukufa

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba unale miba ilandelayo:

• Ukuphefumla okunzima, okukhawulezayo, okanye okungekho nzulu (awukwazi ukuphefumla nzulu)
• Ukuxhomekeka phambili xa uhleli ukuze uphefumle kamnandi
• Iintloko rhoqo
• Ukulala okanye ukudideka
• Ifiva
• Imidumba emnyama xa ukhohlela
• Iminwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ulusu olujikeleze iinzipho zakho

Idiopathic isasaza i-fibrosis ye-pulmary pulmonary; IPF; Fibrosis pulmonary; I-Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis; I-CFA; I-fibrosing alveolitis; Pneumonitis yesiqhelo; UIP

• Sebenzisa ioksijini ekhaya

• Spirometry
• Iklabhu
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

I-National Heart, Lung, kunye newebhusayithi yeZiko leGazi. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis. Kufumaneka ngoJanuwari 13, 2020.

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URaghu G, uRochwerg B, uZhang Y, et al. Isikhokelo se-ATS / ERS / JRS / ALAT esisemthethweni sonyango: unyango lwe-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ukuhlaziywa kwesikhokelo sonyango sango-2011. NdinguJ J wokuKhathalela uKhathalelo ngeMed. 2015; 192 (2): e3-e19. IINKCUKACHA: 26177183 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26177183/.

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USilhan LL, uDanoff SK. Unyango lwe-nonpharmacologic ye-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ku: UCollard HR, uRicheldi L, ii-eds. Isifo seLung. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 5.