Ukuxhuzula ebantwaneni - ukubhobhoza

Umntwana wakho unesathuthwane. Abantu abanesathuthwane bayaxhuzula. Uxhuzule litshintsho elifutshane ngesiquphe kwimisebenzi yombane kunye neekhemikhali kwingqondo.

Emva kokuba umntwana wakho egodukile evela esibhedlele, landela imiyalelo yomboneleli wezempilo ngendlela yokunyamekela umntwana wakho. Sebenzisa olu lwazi lungezantsi njengesikhumbuzo.

Esibhedlele, ugqirha wanika umntwana wakho uvavanyo lwenkqubo yomzimba kunye noxinzelelo kwaye wenza iimvavanyo ezithile ukufumana unobangela wokubanjwa komntwana wakho.

Ukuba ugqirha uthumele umntwana wakho ekhaya kunye namayeza, kukunceda ukuthintela ukuxhuzula okungakumbi okwenzeka emntwaneni wakho. Iyeza linokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba aphephe ukuxhuzula, kodwa oko akuqinisekisi ukuba ukuxhuzula ngekhe kwenzeke. Ugqirha usenokufuna ukutshintsha idosi yokuthinjwa kwamayeza omntwana wakho okanye asebenzise amayeza ahlukeneyo ukuba ukuxhuzula kuyaqhubeka nangona umntwana wakho ewathatha amayeza, okanye ngenxa yokuba umntwana wakho eneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Umntwana wakho kufuneka alale ngokwaneleyo kwaye azame ukuba neshedyuli eqhelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Zama ukunqanda uxinzelelo oluninzi. Kuya kufuneka usete imigaqo kunye nemida, kunye neziphumo, kumntwana onesathuthwane.

Qinisekisa ukuba ikhaya lakho likhuselekile ukunceda ukunqanda ukwenzakala xa kuthathwa inxalabo:

• Gcina iingcango zangasese nezamagumbi okulala zingatshixwanga. Gcina le minyango ingavali.
• Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho uhlala ekhuselekile kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Abantwana abancinci akufuneki bahlambe kungekho mntu ukhona. Musa ukuphuma kwigumbi lokuhlambela ngaphandle kokuhamba nomntwana wakho. Abantwana abadala kufuneka bathathe iishawa kuphela.
• Beka iipads kwiikona ezibukhali zefanitshala.
• Beka iscreen phambi kweziko.
• Sebenzisa i-nonslip flooring okanye amaqweqwe omgangatho ohlanganisiweyo.
• Sukusebenzisa izifudumezi ezizimeleyo.
• Kuphephe ukuvumela umntwana onesifo sokuwa ukuba alale phezu kwebhedi ephezulu.
• Guqula zonke iingcango zeglasi kunye naziphi na iifestile ezikufutshane nomhlaba nokuba ngeglasi yokhuseleko okanye iplastiki.
• Iikomityi zeplastiki kufuneka zisetyenziswe endaweni yeglasi.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweemela nezikere kufuneka kubekwe esweni.
• Gcina umntwana wakho ekhitshini.

Uninzi lwabantwana abanokuxhuzula banokukhokelela kwindlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Kuya kufuneka ucwangcise kwangaphambili ngobungozi obunokubakho bezinto ezithile. Le misebenzi kufuneka ithintelwe ukuba ilahleko yokuqonda okanye yokulawula inokubangela umonzakalo.

• Imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo ibandakanya ukubaleka, i-aerobics, ukuskiya phakathi kwelizwe eliphakathi, ukudanisa, intenetya, igalufa, ukunyuka intaba kunye nokubhowula. Imidlalo kunye nokudlala kwindawo yokuzivocavoca okanye kwibala lokudlala zilungile ngokubanzi.
• Gcina umntwana wakho xa edada.
• Ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko, umntwana wakho kufuneka athwale isigcina-ntloko ngexesha lokukhwela ibhayisikile, isikeyboard, kunye neminye imisebenzi efanayo.
• Abantwana kufuneka babe nomntu wokubanceda bakhwele kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ehlathini okanye benze imithambo.
• Buza umboneleli womntwana wakho malunga nomntwana wakho othabatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yokunxibelelana.
• Buza kwakhona ukuba ngaba umntwana wakho kufuneka aziphephe iindawo okanye iimeko ezibeka umntwana wakho kwizibane ezidanyazayo okanye kwiipateni ezichaseneyo ezinje ngetsheki okanye imitya. Kwabanye abantu abanesathuthwane, ukuxhuzula kunokubangelwa kukukhanya kwezibane okanye iipateni.

Cela umntwana wakho aphathe kwaye athathe amayeza okuthimba esikolweni. Ootitshala nabanye ezikolweni kufuneka bazi malunga nokuhlutha umntwana kunye namayeza okuthimba.

Umntwana wakho kufuneka anxibe isacholo sonyango. Xelela amalungu osapho, abahlobo, ootitshala, abongikazi besikolo, abagcina abantwana, abafundisi bokubhukuda, abagcini bokhuseleko, kunye nabaqeqeshi malunga nengxaki yokuthimba umntwana wakho.

Ungayeki ukunika umntwana wakho amayeza okuthimba ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha womntwana wakho.

Sukuyeka ukunika umntwana wakho amayeza okuthimba ngenxa yokuba ukuxhuzula kuyekile.

Iingcebiso ngokuthatha amayeza okuthimba:

• Musa ukutsiba idosi.
• Fumana iifom ngaphambi kokuba liphele iyeza.
• Gcina amayeza okuthimba kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, kude nabantwana abancinci.
• Gcina amayeza kwindawo eyomileyo, kwibhotile afike kuyo.
• Lahla amayeza aphelelwe lixesha ngokufanelekileyo. Jonga ikhemesti yakho okanye kwi-Intanethi indawo yokubuyela umva kufutshane nawe.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uphoswa yidosi:

• Bacele ukuba bayithabathe kwangoko xa ukhumbula.
• Ukuba sele ilixesha ledosi elandelayo, tsiba idosi oyilibeleyo ukuyinika umntwana wakho kwaye ubuyele kwishedyuli. Musa ukunika idosi ephindwe kabini.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uphoswa ngaphezulu kwedosi enye, thetha nomboneleli womntwana.

Ukusela utywala kunye nokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni kunokutshintsha indlela asebenza ngayo amayeza. Yazi le ngxaki inokwenzeka kulutsha.

Umboneleli unokufuna ukujonga inqanaba legazi lomntwana wakho kwichiza lokuthimba rhoqo.

Amayeza okuhlutha aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ukuba umntwana wakho uqalile ukuthatha ichiza elitsha kutshanje, okanye ugqirha utshintshe idosi yomntwana wakho, ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zinokuhamba. Soloko ubuza ugqirha womntwana malunga nayiphi na imiphumo emibi. Kwakhona, thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho malunga nokutya okanye amanye amayeza anokutshintsha inqanaba legazi leziyobisi ezichasene nokuhlutha.

Nje ukuba ukuhluthwa kuqale, amalungu osapho kunye nabanonopheli banokunceda baqiniseke ukuba umntwana ukhuselekile ekulimaleni ngakumbi kwaye afowunele uncedo, ukuba luyimfuneko. Ugqirha wakho usenokumisela amayeza anokunikwa ngexesha lokuthabatha ixesha elide ukuze ayeke ngokukhawuleza. Landela imiyalelo yokuba ulinika njani iyeza umntwana.

Xa ukuxhuzula kwenzeka, eyona njongo iphambili kukukhusela umntwana ekonzakaleni kwaye uqiniseke ukuba umntwana uyakwazi ukuphefumla kakuhle. Zama ukuthintela ukuwa. Nceda umntwana emhlabeni kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Sula indawo yefanitshala okanye ezinye izinto ezibukhali. Jika umntwana kwicala labo uqiniseke ukuba indlela yomoya yomntwana ayiphazamiseki ngexesha lokuthimba.

• Ikhushi intloko yomntwana.
• Khulula iimpahla eziqinileyo, ngakumbi entanyeni yomntwana.
• Jika umntwana kwicala labo. Ukuba ukugabha kuyenzeka, ukujika umntwana kwicala labo kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abamkhupheli ukugabha kwimiphunga yabo.
• Hlala nomntwana ade aphile, okanye kufike uncedo lwezonyango. Okwangoku, jonga ukubetha komntwana kunye nenqanaba lokuphefumla (imiqondiso ebalulekileyo).

Izinto zokuphepha:

• Musa ukuthintela (zama ukubamba) umntwana.
• Musa ukubeka nantoni na phakathi kwamazinyo omntwana ngexesha lokubanjwa (kubandakanya iminwe yakho).
• Musa ukumhambisa umntwana ngaphandle kokuba usengozini okanye kufutshane nento eyingozi.
• Ungazami ukwenza umntwana ayeke ukuxhuzula. Abanakulawula ngokuhlutha kwaye abazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngelo xesha.
• Musa ukumnika nto umntwana ngomlomo de ume ukuxhuzula kuyeke kwaye umntwana uvukile ngokupheleleyo kwaye uphaphile.
• Sukuyiqala i-CPR ngaphandle kokuba umntwana uyekile ngokucacileyo ukuxhuzula kwaye akasaphefumli kwaye akanangqondo.

Tsalela umnxeba ugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho une:

• Ukuhlaselwa okuye kwenzeka rhoqo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza
• Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga okwakungekho ngaphambili
• Ubuthathaka, iingxaki ngokubona, okanye iingxaki zokulinganisela ezintsha

Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ukuba:

• Ukuhlutha kuhlala ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5.
• Umntwana wakho akavuki okanye abe nokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo emva kokuxhuzula.
• Olunye uthimbo luqala ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho abuyele kulwazi emva kokuphela kokubanjwa.
• Umntwana wakho uxhuzule emanzini okanye ubonakala ngathi ukhamisile ukugabha okanye nayiphi na enye into.
• Umntu lowo wenzakele okanye unesifo seswekile.
• Kukho into eyahlukileyo malunga noku kuthinjwa xa kuthelekiswa nokuxhuzula kwesiqhelo komntwana.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantwana-ukukhutshwa

IMikati MA, Tchapyjnikov D. Ukuxhuzula ebuntwaneni. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 611.

Pearl PL. Isishwankathelo sokubanjwa kunye nokuxhuzula kwabantwana. Ku: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, ii-eds. I-Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 61.

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• Ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko ebantwaneni

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