I-Thromboangiitis obliterans

I-Thromboangiitis obliterans sisifo esinqabileyo apho imithambo yegazi yezandla neenyawo ivaliwe.

I-Thromboangiitis obliterans (isifo se-Buerger) sibangelwa yimithambo yegazi encinci edumbayo kwaye idumbe. Imithambo yegazi iyacutheka okanye ivaleke ngamahlwili egazi (thrombosis). Imithambo yegazi yezandla neenyawo ichaphazeleka kakhulu. Imithambo ichaphazeleka ngakumbi kuneemithambo. Umyinge weminyaka yobudala xa iimpawu ziqala kuma-35. Abafazi kunye nabantu abadala bayachaphazeleka rhoqo.

Le meko ichaphazela kakhulu abafana abakwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-45 abatshayayo kakhulu okanye abahlafunayo. Abafazi ababhemayo nabo banokuchaphazeleka. Le meko ichaphazela abantu abaninzi eMbindi Mpuma, eAsia, kwiMeditera naseMpuma Yurophu. Uninzi lwabantu abanengxaki banempilo enkenenkene yamazinyo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisa icuba.

Iimpawu zihlala zichaphazela i-2 okanye ngaphezulu imilenze kwaye inokubandakanya:

• Iminwe okanye iinzwane ezibonakala ziluthuthu, zibomvu, okanye ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye zivakala zibandayo ekuphatheni.
• Ngequbuliso iintlungu eziqatha ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Intlungu inokuziva ngathi iyatsha okanye iyarhawuzelela.
• Iintlungu ezandleni nasezinyaweni ezihlala zikhona xa uphumla. Intlungu inokuba mbi ngakumbi xa izandla neenyawo zibanda okanye ngexesha loxinzelelo lweemvakalelo.
• Ubuhlungu emilenzeni, emaqatheni, okanye ezinyaweni xa uhamba (ukucaphuka okwethutyana). Intlungu ihlala ibekwe kwi-arch yonyawo.
• Ukutshintsha kwesikhumba okanye izilonda ezincinci ezibuhlungu kwiminwe okanye kwiinzwane.
• Ngamaxesha athile, isifo samathambo esihlahleni okanye emadolweni siyakhula ngaphambi kokuba imithambo yegazi ivaleke.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokubonisa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi kwizandla okanye iinyawo ezichaphazelekayo:

• I-Ultrasound yemithambo yegazi esiphelweni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-plethysmography
• I-Doppler ultrasound yesiphelo
• I-catheter esekwe kwi-x-ray arteriogram

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwezinye izizathu zokuvutha kwemithambo yegazi (vasculitis) kunye nokuvalwa (ukuvalelwa) kwemithambo yegazi kunokwenziwa. Ezi zizathu zibandakanya isifo sikashukela, i-scleroderma, i-vasculitis, i-hypercoagulability, kunye ne-atherosclerosis. Akukho luvavanyo lwegazi luchonga i-thromboangiitis obliterans.

I-echocardiogram yentliziyo inokwenziwa ukujonga imithombo yegazi. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo xa isifo singacacanga, kwenziwa i-biopsy yegazi.

Akukho lunyango lwe-thromboangiitis obliterans. Injongo yonyango kukulawula iimpawu kunye nokukhusela isifo ukuba singabi mandundu.

Ukuyeka ukusebenzisa icuba nangaluphi na uhlobo sisitshixo ekulawuleni isifo. Ukutshaya unyango lokuyeka ukutshaya kuyacetyiswa ngamandla. Kubalulekile ukukhusela amaqondo obushushu abandayo kunye nezinye iimeko ezinciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ezandleni nasezinyaweni.

Ukufaka imfudumalo kunye nokwenza umthambo kancinci kunokunceda ukwandisa ukujikeleza.

I-Aspirin kunye namayeza avula imithambo yegazi (vasodilators) anokunceda. Kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, utyando lokusika imithambo-luvo kuloo ndawo (i-sympathectomy yoqhaqho) lunokunceda ukulawula iintlungu. Rhoqo, ukugqitha kotyando kuthathelwa ingqalelo kubantu abathile.

Kunganyanzeleka ukuba unqunyulwe iminwe okanye iinzwane ukuba loo ndawo yosulelwe kakhulu kwaye izicwili ziyafa.

Iimpawu ze-thromboangiitis obliterans zinokuhamba xa umntu eyeka ukusebenzisa icuba. Abantu abaqhubeka nokusebenzisa icuba banokufuna ukusikwa rhoqo.

Iingxaki zibandakanya:

• Ukufa kwamathambo (ukubola)
• Ukunqunyulwa kweminwe okanye iinzwane
• Ukuphulukana nokuhamba kwegazi kwilungu leminwe echaphazelekayo okanye iinzwane

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba:

• Unempawu ze-thromboangiitis obliterans.
• Unayo i-thromboangiitis obliterans kunye neempawu ziba mandundu ngakumbi, kunyango.
• Uba neempawu ezintsha.

Abantu abanembali yento kaRaynaud okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iminwe ebuhlungu okanye iinzwane, ngakumbi ezinezilonda, akufuneki basebenzise naluphi na uhlobo lwecuba.

Isifo seBugerger

• I-Thromboangiites obliterans
• Inkqubo yokujikeleza

I-Akar AR, Inan B. Thromboangiitis obliterans (Isifo seBugerger). Ku: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, ii-eds. Utshintsho lukaRutherford lweeVascular and Therapy ze-Endovascular Therapy. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 138.

UGupta N, Wahlgren CM, uAzizzadeh A, uGewertz BL. Isifo seBugerger (iTromboangiitis obliterans). Ku: UCameron JL, uCameron AM, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lonyango. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2020: 1054-1057.

UJaff MR, uBartheolomew JR. Ezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 72.