Leukemia myeloid Acute - abadala

I-leukemia ye-myeloid Acute (AML) ngumhlaza oqala ngaphakathi komongo wethambo. Esi sisicubu esithambileyo embindini wamathambo asinceda ekwenzeni zonke iiseli zegazi. Umhlaza ukhula ukusuka kwiiseli ezihlala ziba ziiseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

Acute kuthetha ukuba isifo sikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye sihlala sinekhosi enoburharha.

I-AML yenye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-leukemia kubantu abadala.

I-AML ixhaphake kakhulu emadodeni kunabafazi.

Umongo wethambo unceda umzimba ukulwa usulelo kwaye wenza amanye amacandelo egazi. Abantu abane-AML baneeseli ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ezingafakwanga ngaphakathi komongo wethambo. Iiseli zikhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, zibuyisele iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abane-AML kunokwenzeka ukuba bosulelo. Banomngcipheko okhulayo wokopha njengoko amanani eeseli zegazi esempilweni ancipha.

Uninzi lwexesha, umboneleli wezempilo akanakukuxelela ukuba yintoni ebangele i-AML. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokukhokelela kwezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia, kubandakanya i-AML:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, kubandakanya i-polycythemia vera, i-thrombocythemia ebalulekileyo, kunye ne-myelodysplasia
• Ezinye iikhemikhali (umzekelo, i-benzene)
• Amachiza athile e-chemotherapy, kubandakanya i-etoposide kunye neziyobisi ezaziwa ngokuba ziiarhente zealkylating
• Ukuboniswa kwimichiza ethile kunye nezinto ezinobungozi
• Imitha
• Amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yokufakwa komzimba

Iingxaki zemfuza yakho zinokubangela nophuhliso lwe-AML.

I-AML ayinazo iimpawu ezithile. Iimpawu ezibonwayo ikakhulu ngenxa yeemeko ezinxulumene noko. Iimpawu ze-AML zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukopha kwimpumlo
• Ukopha nokudumba (kunqabile) kwiintsini
• Ukuthuthuzela
• Intlungu yethambo okanye ukuthamba
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokudinwa
• Amaxesha anzima okuya exesheni
• Ulusu oluthuthu
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane (kuya kusiba nzima ngokwenza umthambo)
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Kukho imiqondiso yesibindi esidumbileyo, isibindi, okanye ii-lymph node. Uvavanyo olwenziwe lubandakanya:

• Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC) linokubonisa i-anemia kunye nenani eliphantsi leeplatelets. Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (i-WBC) linokuphakama, liphantsi, okanye liqheleke.
• Umnqweno wethambo kunye ne-biopsy iya kubonisa ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ze-leukemia.

Ukuba umboneleli wakho ufunda ukuba unolu hlobo lwe-leukemia, ezinye iimvavanyo ziya kwenziwa ukumisela uhlobo oluthile lwe-AML. Ii-Subtypes zisekwe kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza (uguquko) kunye nendlela iiseli zegazi ezibonakala ngayo phantsi kwemicroscope.

Unyango lubandakanya ukusebenzisa amayeza (chemotherapy) ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Uninzi lweentlobo ze-AML ziphathwa ngamayeza angaphezu kweyodwa.

I-Chemotherapy ibulala iiseli eziqhelekileyo, nazo. Oku kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje:

• Umngcipheko owandayo wokopha
• Ukwanda komngcipheko wosulelo (ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukukugcina kude nabanye abantu ukuthintela usulelo)
• Ukwehla kobunzima (uya kudinga ukutya iikhalori ezingaphezulu)
• Izilonda zomlomo

Olunye unyango oluxhasayo lwe-AML lunokubandakanya:

• Iintsholongwane zokunyanga usulelo
• Ukudluliselwa kwegazi elibomvu ukulwa ne-anemia
• Ukudluliselwa kweplatelet ukulawula ukopha

Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo (isiqu seseli) kunokuzama. Esi sigqibo sigqitywa zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yonke
• Olunye utshintsho kwimfuza kwiiseli zegazi
• Ukufumaneka kwabaxhasi

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Xa umongo wethambo ubonakalisa ubungqina be-AML, kuthiwa uxolelwe. Uqhuba kakuhle kangakanani kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho iyonke kunye nohlobo lofuzo lweeseli ze-AML.

Uxolelo alufani nonyango. Unyango olungakumbi luhlala ludingeka, nokuba kukwimo yechemotherapy okanye ukufakelwa komongo wethambo.

Ngonyango, abantu abancinci abane-AML bathambekele ekwenzeni ngcono kunabo bakhulisa esi sifo sele bekhulile. Inqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 liphantsi kakhulu kubantu abadala kunasebantwaneni. Iingcali zithi oku ngokuyinxenye kungenxa yokuba abantu abancinci banakho ukubekezelela amayeza e-chemotherapy. Kwakhona, i-leukemia kubantu abadala ithande ukunganyangeki kunyango lwangoku.

Ukuba umhlaza awubuyi (uphinde ubuye) kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 yoxilongo, uya kunyanga.

Biza ixesha lokubonana nomboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Ukuphuhlisa iimpawu ze-AML
• Yiba ne-AML kwaye unefiva engayi kuhamba okanye ezinye iimpawu zosulelo

Ukuba usebenza malunga nemitha okanye imichiza enxulunyaniswe neleukemia, soloko unxiba izixhobo zokukhusela.

Leukemia myelogenous; AML; Leukemia granulocytic Acute; I-leukemia ye-nonlymphocytic efanelekileyo (ANLL); Wegazi - myeloid etsolo (AML); Wegazi - granulocytic etsolo; Ileukemia - nonlymphocytic (ANLL)

• Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo - ukukhupha

• Iintonga zeAuer
• Leukemia Acute monocytic - ulusu
• Iiseli zegazi

Isixhobo seFelbha FR. Leukemias Acute kubantu abadala. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 95.

UFaderl S, uKantarjian HM kunye ne-HM. Ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi kunye nonyango lwe-acute myeloid leukemia. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 59.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-myeloid leukemia yabantu abadala (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/ unyango lwabantu abadala- unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-11 ka-Agasti ka-2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 9, 2020.