I-myeloma eninzi

I-myeloma emininzi ngumhlaza wegazi oqala kwiiseli ze-plasma kumongo wethambo. Umongo wethambo sisithambo esithambileyo nesinesiponji esifumaneka ngaphakathi kumathambo amaninzi. Inceda ekwenzeni iiseli zegazi.

Iiseli zePlasma zinceda umzimba wakho ukulwa usulelo ngokuvelisa iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba ngamachiza omzimba. Nge-myeloma emininzi, iiseli ze-plasma zikhula ngaphandle kolawulo kumongo wethambo kwaye zenze amathumba kwiindawo zethambo eliqinileyo. Ukukhula kwala mathumba kwamathambo kuwenza buthathaka amathambo aqinileyo. Ikwenza ukuba kube nzima kumongo wethambo ukwenza iiseli zegazi kunye neeplatelets.

Isizathu se-myeloma emininzi asaziwa. Unyango lwangaphambili ngonyango lwemitha lonyusa umngcipheko kolu hlobo lomhlaza. I-myeloma eninzi ichaphazela abantu abadala.

I-myeloma eninzi ixhaphake kakhulu:

• Inani elibomvu leeseli ezibomvu (i-anemia), elinokukhokelela ekukhathaleni nasekuphefumlweni
• Ubalo lweeseli ezimhlophe ezisezantsi, ezenza ukuba ube lula ukufumana usulelo
• Inani eliphantsi leplatelet, elinokubangela ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga

Njengoko iiseli zomhlaza zikhula emnkantsheni wethambo, unokuba nentlungu yethambo, amaxesha amaninzi kwiimbambo okanye ngasemva.

Iiseli zomhlaza zinokuwenza buthathaka amathambo. Nje ngeziphumo:

• Unokuphuhlisa amathambo aphukileyo (amathambo aqhekekileyo) ngokwenza nje imisebenzi yesiqhelo.
• Ukuba umhlaza ukhula emathanjeni omqolo, unokucinezela kwimithambo-luvo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni ubuthathaka okanye ubuthathaka kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zakho.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ukufumanisa esi sifo. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya:

• Inqanaba lealbhamu
• Inqanaba leCalcium
• Inqanaba elipheleleyo leeprotein
• Umsebenzi wezintso
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuchongwa komzimba
• Ubungakanani bephelometry
• Iprotheni yeprotein electrophoresis

I-Bone x-reyi, i-CT scan, okanye i-MRI inokubonisa ukwaphuka okanye ukuqaqanjelwa kwemimandla yethambo. Ukuba umboneleli wakho ukrokrela olu hlobo lomhlaza, kuya kwenziwa umongo wethambo.

Ukuvavanywa koxinano lwamathambo kunokubonisa ukulahleka kwethambo.

Ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba une-myeloma ezininzi, kuya kwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yistage. Ukubeka esiteji kunceda ukukhokela unyango kunye nokulandela.

Abantu abanesifo esincinci okanye isifo esingaqinisekanga kuso bahlala bejongwa. Abanye abantu banesimo se-myeloma esikhula kancinci (smoldering myeloma), ethatha iminyaka ukwenza iimpawu.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamayeza zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-myeloma eninzi. Zihlala zinikwa ukuthintela iingxaki ezinje ngokuqhekeka kwethambo kunye nokonakala kwezintso.

Unyango lwe-radiation lungasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iintlungu zethambo okanye ukunciphisa isisu esityhala emthonjeni.

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kunokucetyiswa:

• Umongo wethambo okanye i-stem cell transplantation yenziwa kusetyenziswa iiseli zomntu.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic isebenzisa iiseli zomntu zomnye umntu. Olu nyango lunobungozi obukhulu, kodwa lunokunika ithuba lokunyanga.

Wena kunye nomboneleli wakho unokufuna ukulawula ezinye iinkxalabo ngexesha lonyango lwakho, kuquka:

• Ukuba ne-chemotherapy ekhaya
• Ukulawula izilwanyana zakho
• Iingxaki zokopha
• Umlomo owomileyo
• Ukutya iikhalori ezaneleyo
• Ukutya okukhuselekileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kubudala bomntu kunye nenqanaba lesifo. Ngamanye amaxesha, esi sifo sihamba ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuthatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zibonakale.

Ngokubanzi, i-myeloma iyanyangeka, kodwa kuphela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo inokunyangeka.

Ukusilela kwezintso yingxaki rhoqo. Abanye banokubandakanya:

• Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo
• Inqanaba eliphezulu le-calcium egazini, enokuba yingozi kakhulu
• Ukwanda kwamathuba osulelo, ngakumbi kwimiphunga
• Ukunqongophala kwegazi

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba une-myeloma emininzi kwaye uvelisa usulelo, okanye ubundindisholo, ukulahleka kokuhamba, okanye ukulahleka kwemvakalelo

Iseli yeplasma dyscrasia; Iseli leplasma myeloma; Iplasmacytoma enobungozi; Plasmacytoma ithambo; Myeloma - ezininzi

• Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo - ukukhupha

• Cryoglobulinemia yeminwe
• Inkqubo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela
• Iintsholongwane

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. I-PDQ yeeseli zeplasma neoplasms (kubandakanya unyango lwe-myeloma). www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/hp/myeloma-unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 19, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNethiwekhi yeCancer epheleleyo yoMhlaza. Isikhokelo sonyango se-NCCN kwizifundo ze-oncology: i-myeloma eninzi. Inguqulelo 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/myeloma.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Okthobha 9, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.

URajkumar SV, iDispenzieri A. Multiple myeloma kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene noko. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 101.