Ukunqongophala kwe-anemia

I-anemia yimeko apho umzimba ungenayo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibonelela ngeoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba. Zininzi iintlobo zeanemia.

Ukunqongophala kwe-anemia yentsimbi kwenzeka xa umzimba wakho ungenayo i-iron eyaneleyo. Intsimbi iyanceda ekwenzeni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukunqongophala kwe-iron anemia yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo ye-anemia.

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zizisa ioksijini kwizicubu zomzimba. Iiseli ezibomvu ezisempilweni zenziwe kumongo wethambo lakho. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zijikeleza emzimbeni wakho kangangeenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4. Iindawo zomzimba wakho, ezinjengepeni yakho, susa iiseli ezindala zegazi.

Intsimbi yinxalenye ephambili yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngaphandle kwentsimbi, igazi alinakuthatha ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo. Umzimba wakho uhlala ufumana isinyithi ngokutya kwakho. Iphinda isebenzise isinyithi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezindala.

I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-Iron ikhula xa iivenkile zomzimba wakho zibaleka. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba:

• Ulahla iiseli ezininzi zegazi kunye nentsimbi kunokuba umzimba wakho unokutshintsha
• Umzimba wakho awenzi umsebenzi olungileyo wokufunxa isinyithi
• Umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukufunxa isinyithi, kodwa awutyi ukutya okwaneleyo okuneentsimbi
• Umzimba wakho udinga isinyithi ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo (ngokungathi ukhulelwe okanye uncelisa)

Ukopha kungabangela ilahleko yentsimbi. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokopha zezi:

• Ixesha elinzima, elide, okanye eliqhelekileyo lokuya esikhathini
• Umhlaza kwisisu, isisu, amathumbu amancinci, okanye ikholoni
• I-varopha ze-Esophageal varices, zihlala zivela kwi-cirrhosis
• Ukusetyenziswa kweaspirin, ibuprofen, okanye amayeza e-arthritis ixesha elide, kunokubangela ukopha emathunjini
• Isifo sesilonda Peptic

Umzimba awunakufumana i-iron eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho ngenxa:

• Isifo seCeliac
• Isifo seCrohn
• Utyando lokudlula esibelekweni
• Ukuthatha ii-antacids ezininzi okanye i-tetracycline eninzi kakhulu

Awunakufumana i-iron eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho ukuba:

• Ungumntu otya inyama ngokungqongqo
• Awutyi ukutya okwaneleyo okuneentsimbi

Awunakuba nazimpawu ukuba i-anemia ithambile.

Uninzi lwexesha, iimpawu zithambile ekuqaleni kwaye zikhula kancinci. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukuziva ubuthathaka okanye udiniwe rhoqo kunesiqhelo, okanye ngokwenza umthambo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Iipalpitations
• Iingxaki zokugxila okanye zokucinga

Njengoko i-anemia iya isiba mandundu, iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Iinzipho Brittle
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwabamhlophe beliso
• Umnqweno wokutya umkhenkce okanye ezinye izinto ezingezizo zokutya (pica)
• Uziva ulula xa usukuma
• Umbala wolusu oluthuthu
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ulwimi oluvuthayo okanye oluvuthayo
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ukuhamba okungalawulwayo kwemilenze (ngexesha lokulala)
• Ukulahleka kweenwele

Iimpawu zeemeko (ezinxulunyaniswa nokopha) ezibangela ukunqongophala kwe-iron anemia kubandakanya:

• Ubumnyama, ilindle elinombala wetela okanye igazi elityeni
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okunzima (abasetyhini)
• Ubuhlungu kwisisu esingasentla (kwizilonda)
• Ukunciphisa umzimba (kubantu abanomdlavuza)

Ukufumanisa i-anemia, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuyalela ezi mvavanyo zegazi:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi
• Ukubala kweReticulocyte

Ukujonga amanqanaba esinyithi, umboneleli wakho unoku-odola:

• Umongo wethambo (ukuba isifo asicacanga)
• Umthamo wokubopha i-Iron (TIBC) egazini
• Iserum ferritin
• Inqanaba lesinyithi leSerum
• Inqanaba le-serum hepcidin (iprotein kunye nomlawuli wentsimbi emzimbeni)

Ukujonga izizathu (ukulahleka kwegazi) kokunqongophala kwentsimbi, umboneleli wakho unoku-odola:

• Colonoscopy
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lokungcola kwegazi
• Endoscopy ephezulu
• Uvavanyo lokufumana imithombo yokulahleka kwegazi kumchamo okanye isibeleko

Unyango lunokubandakanya ukuthatha izongezo zentsimbi kunye nokutya ukutya okune-iron.

Izongezo zentsimbi (amaxesha amaninzi i-sulfate ene-ferrous) zakha ivenkile zentsimbi emzimbeni wakho. Uninzi lwexesha, umboneleli wakho uya kulinganisa inqanaba lakho le-iron ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukongeza.

Ukuba awukwazi ukuthatha i-ayoni ngomlomo, kuya kufuneka uyithathe ngomthambo (nge-intravenous) okanye ngenaliti eyisihlunu.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo nabancancisayo kuya kufuneka bathathe i-ayoni eyongezelelweyo kuba bahlala bengafumani iron yaneleyo ekutyeni okuqhelekileyo.

I-hematocrit yakho kufuneka ibuyele esiqhelo kwiiveki ezi-6 zonyango lwentsimbi. Uya kudinga ukuqhubeka uthatha i-iron kwezinye iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 ukubuyisela iivenkile zomzimba kumongo wethambo.

Izixhobo zesinyithi ziyanyamezeleka, kodwa zinokubangela:

• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa

Ukutya okunotyebileyo ngentsimbi kubandakanya:

• Inkukhu kunye neturkey
• Iilentile ezomileyo, ii-ertyisi kunye neembotyi
• Intlanzi
• Iinyama (isibindi ngowona mthombo uphakamileyo)
• Iimbotyi zesoya, iimbotyi ezibhakiweyo, iichickpeas
• Isonka esipheleleyo

Eminye imithombo ibandakanya:

• Oatmeal
• Iirayisi, ii-prunes, iiapilkosi kunye namandongomane
• Isipinashi, i-kale, kunye neminye imifuno

Vitamin C inceda umzimba wakho ukufunxa isinyithi. Imithombo elungileyo yevithamini C yile:

• Iiorenji
• Iziqhamo zeediliya
• ikiwi
• Ierberberries
• Ibrokholi
• Utamatisi

Ngonyango, isiphumo sinokulunga, kodwa sixhomekeke kwisizathu.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Unempawu zokusilela kwentsimbi
• Uqaphela igazi kwisitulo sakho

Ukutya okunokulinganisela kufuneka kubandakanya i-iron eyaneleyo. Inyama ebomvu, isibindi, kunye namaqanda amaqanda yimithombo yentsimbi ephezulu. Umgubo, isonka kunye nokunye ukutya okuziinkozo kuqiniswe ngentsimbi. Ukuba ucebise ngumboneleli wakho, thatha izongezo zentsimbi ukuba awufumani iron yaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho.

I-anemia - intswelo yentsimbi

• IiReticulocytes
• Iiseli zegazi
• IHemoglobin

IBrittenham GM. Ukuphazamiseka kwentsimbi ye-homeostasis: ukunqongophala kwesinyithi kunye nokugcwala kakhulu. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 36.

Kuthetha i-RT. Indlela eya kwii-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 149.

ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neenkonzo zoLuntu; I-National Heart, Lung, kunye newebhusayithi yeZiko leGazi. Ukunqongophala kwe-iron anemia. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia. Kufumaneka ngo-Apreli 24, 2020.