Utshintsho ekwaluphaleni emathanjeni - izihlunu - amalungu

Utshintsho ekumeni nasekuhambeni (kwipateni yokuhamba) ziqhelekile ngokuguga. Utshintsho kulusu neenwele ziqhelekile.

Amathambo anika inkxaso kunye nolwakhiwo emzimbeni. Amalungu ziindawo apho amathambo ahlangana khona. Bavumela amathambo ukuba atshintshe ukuhamba. Ngokudibeneyo, amathambo awaqhakamshelani ngqo. Endaweni yoko, ziyadityaniswa yintsholongwane kwilunga, inwebu yeesynovial ejikeleze ilunga kunye nolwelo.

Imisipha inika amandla kunye namandla okuhambisa umzimba. Ulungelelwaniso lujongwa yingqondo, kodwa luyachaphazeleka kukutshintsha kwemisipha kunye namalungu. Utshintsho kwimisipha, amalungu, kunye namathambo zichaphazela ukuma kunye nokuhamba, kwaye kukhokelela kubuthathaka kunye nokucotha kokuhamba.

UTSHINTSHO OLUDALA

Abantu baphulukana nobunzima bethambo okanye uxinizelelo njengoko bekhula, ngakumbi abasetyhini emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Amathambo aphulukana necalcium kunye nezinye izimbiwa.

Umqolo wenziwe ngamathambo abizwa ngokuba zii-vertebrae. Phakathi kwethambo ngalinye kukho umqamelo ofana nejeli (obizwa ngokuba yidiski). Ngokuguga, umbindi womzimba (isiqu) uya usiba mfutshane njengoko iidiski ngokuthe ngcembe ziphulukana nolwelo kwaye zibhitya.

IVertebrae ikwaphulukana nomxholo wezimbiwa, isenza ithambo ngalinye libe lincinci. Ikholamu yomqolo iyajika kwaye icinezelwe (ipakishwe kunye). I-Bone spurs ebangelwa kukuguga kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo komqolo nako kunokwenza kwi-vertebrae.

Iingqameko zeenyawo ziye zingabonakali kangako, oko kube negalelo kwilahleko encinci yokuphakama.

Amathambo amade eengalo kunye nemilenze aphuke ngakumbi ngenxa yokulahleka kwezimbiwa, kodwa awutshintshi ubude. Oku kwenza iingalo kunye nemilenze ibonakale inde xa kuthelekiswa nesiqu esifutshane.

Amalungu ayaqina kwaye angabi bhetyebhetye. Ulwelo kumalungu lunokuhla. I-cartilage ingaqala ukudibana kunye kwaye iphele. Amaminerali angafaka ngaphakathi kwaye ajikeleze amanye amalungu (ukubalwa). Oku kuqhelekile egxalabeni.

Amalungu e-Hip kunye namadolo angaqala ukuphulukana ne-cartilage (utshintsho olwenzekayo). Amalungu omnwe aphulukana ne-cartilage kwaye amathambo ajiye kancinci. Utshintsho lwamalungu eminwe, amaxesha amaninzi ukudumba kwamathambo ekuthiwa ziiosteophyte, kuxhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini. Olu tshintsho lunokuba lilifa.

Ubunzima bomzimba obuncitshisiweyo buyancipha. Oku kuncipha kubangelwa kukuphulukana nezihlunu zemisipha (atrophy). Isantya kunye nenani lotshintsho lwezihlunu kubonakala ngathi lubangelwa yimfuza. Utshintsho lwemisipha luhlala luqala kwi-20s emadodeni nakwi-40s kwabasetyhini.

I-Lipofuscin (i-pigment ehlobene nobudala) kunye namafutha afakwa kwiisisipha zomzimba. Imisipha yemisipha iyancipha. Izicubu zemisipha zithathelwa indawo ngokuthe chu. Iithishu zemisipha ezilahlekileyo zinokuthi zithathelwe indawo sisihlunu esiqinileyo somzimba. Oku kubonakala kakhulu ezandleni, ezinokubonakala zibhityile kwaye zinamathambo.

Izihlunu azinamathoni kangako kwaye azinakho ukwenza isivumelwano ngenxa yotshintsho kwizihlunu zemisipha kunye nokutshintsha okuqhelekileyo kokuguga kwinkqubo yovalo. Imisipha inokuba lukhuni ngokuguga kwaye ilahle ithoni, nokuba uzilolonga rhoqo.

UMSEBENZI WOKUTSHINTSHA

Amathambo aba krwada kwaye anokuqhekeka ngokulula. Ukuphakama okupheleleyo kuyancipha, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba isiqu kunye nomqolo uyancipha.

Ukwaphuka kwamalungu kunokubangela ukudumba, iintlungu, ukuqina, kunye nokukhubazeka. Utshintsho oluhlangeneyo luchaphazela phantse bonke abantu abadala. Olu tshintsho lususela ekuqineni okuncinci ukuya kwisifo samathambo esibi.

Ukuma kunokuba kugoba ngakumbi (ugobile). Amadolo kunye nesinqe zinokuba bhetyebhetye ngakumbi. Intamo inokuthambeka, kwaye amagxa angancipha ngelixa i-pelvis iya isiba banzi.

Ukuhamba kuyacotha kwaye kunokubakho umda. Ipateni yokuhamba (gait) iye icothe kwaye imfutshane. Ukuhamba kunokungazinzi, kwaye kuncinci ukujija kwengalo. Abantu abadala badinwa ngokulula kwaye banamandla amancinci.

Amandla kunye nonyamezelo lutshintsho. Ukuphulukana nobunzima bemisipha kunciphisa amandla.

IINGXAKI EZIQHELEKILEYO

I-Osteoporosis yingxaki eqhelekileyo, ngakumbi kubafazi abadala. Amathambo aphuka ngokulula. Ukunyanzeliswa kwentsholongwane ye-vertebrae kunokubangela intlungu kunye nokunciphisa ukuhamba.

Ubuthathaka bemisipha bunegalelo ekudinweni, kubuthathaka, nasekunciphiseni ukunyamezelana komsebenzi. Iingxaki ezidibeneyo ukusuka ekuqineni kancinci ukuya kwi-arthritis ephosakeleyo (i-osteoarthritis) ziqhelekile.

Umngcipheko wokulimala uyanda ngenxa yokuba utshintsho luhamba, ukungazinzi, kunye nelahleko yemali enokubangela ukuwa.

Abanye abantu abadala baye banciphisa ukucinga. Oku kuhlala kubangelwa lutshintsho lwezihlunu kunye neetoni, endaweni yotshintsho kwimithambo-luvo. Ukwehla kwamadolo okanye i-ankle jerk reflexes kunokwenzeka. Olunye utshintsho, olunjenge-Babinski reflex elungileyo, ayisiyo nxalenye eqhelekileyo yokuguga.

Ukuhamba okungafunekiyo (ukungcangcazela kwemisipha kunye neentshukumo ezintle ezibizwa ngokuba zii-fasciculations) zixhaphakile kubantu abadala. Abantu abadala abangasebenziyo banokuba buthathaka okanye iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga (paresthesias).

Abantu abangakwaziyo ukuzihambela ngokwabo, okanye abangazoluliyo imisipha yabo ngokwenza umthambo, banokufumana imvumelwano yezihlunu.

UKUTHINTELWA

Ukuzilolonga yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokucothisa okanye ukunqanda iingxaki ngezihlunu, amalungu kunye namathambo. Inkqubo yokuzivocavoca ngokulinganayo inokukunceda ugcine amandla, ukulinganisela kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukuzilolonga kunceda amathambo ukuba omelele.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo entsha yokwenza umthambo.

Kubalulekile ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye ne-calcium eninzi. Abasetyhini kufuneka balumke ngokukodwa ukuze bafumane i-calcium eyaneleyo kunye novithamini D njengoko bekhula. Abafazi be-Postmenopausal kunye nabesilisa abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kufuneka bathathe i-1,200 mg ye-calcium ngosuku. Abasetyhini kunye namadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kufuneka bafumane iiyunithi ezingama-800 zamazwe ngamazwe (IU) ze-vitamin D yonke imihla. Ukuba une-osteoporosis, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nonyango lonyango.

IMIBA ENXULUMENE

• Utshintsho ekwaluphaleni komzimba
• Utshintsho ekwaluphaleni kwimveliso yehomoni
• Utshintsho lokuguga kumalungu, izicubu kunye neeseli
• Utshintsho lokuguga kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo
• I-calcium ekudleni
• Unyango

I-osteoporosis kunye nokuguga; Ubuthathaka bemisipha obuhambelana nokwaluphala; Osteoarthritis

• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Unyango
• Ukuzilolonga
• Ubume bedibeneyo

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UGregson CL. Ukuguga kwamathambo kunye nokudibana. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ii-eds. Incwadi ka-Brocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine kunye neGerontology. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 20.

UWalston JD. I-sequelae eqhelekileyo yeklinikhi yokuguga. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 22.

I-Weber TJ. Unyango. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 230. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Amaziko kaZwelonke wezeMpilo, iwebhusayithi yeOfisi yeZongezelelo zokutya. UVitamin D: uxwebhu lwenyani lweengcali zezempilo. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 11, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoSeptemba 27, 2020.