I-COPD kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo

Ukuba unesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-pulmonary (COPD), kunokwenzeka ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo, nazo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba zii-comorbidities. Abantu abaneCOPD bahlala benengxaki zempilo kunabantu abangenayo i-COPD.

Ukuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo kunokuchaphazela iimpawu kunye nonyango lwakho. Kuya kufuneka utyelele ugqirha wakho rhoqo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube neemvavanyo ezininzi okanye unyango.

Ukuba neCOPD kukulawula. Kodwa zama ukuhlala unethemba. Ungayikhusela impilo yakho ngokuqonda ukuba kutheni usemngciphekweni weemeko ezithile kwaye ufunde nendlela yokuzikhusela.

Ukuba uneCOPD, kunokwenzeka ukuba:

• Phinda usulelo, olufana nenyumoniya. I-COPD yonyusa umngcipheko weengxaki ezivela kumkhuhlane nakumkhuhlane. Yonyusa umngcipheko wokufuna ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa yosulelo lwemiphunga.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emiphungeni. I-COPD inokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo ezisa igazi kwimiphunga yakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary hypertension.
• Isifo sentliziyo. I-COPD yonyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo, iintlungu esifubeni, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga, kunye namahlwili egazi.
• Seswekile. Ukuba neCOPD kwandisa lo mngcipheko. Kwakhona, amanye amayeza e-COPD anokubangela iswekile ephezulu yegazi.
• I-Osteoporosis (amathambo abuthathaka). Abantu abaneCOPD bahlala benamanqanaba asezantsi e-vitamin D, abangasebenziyo, kunye nomsi. Ezi zinto zonyusa umngcipheko wokulahleka kwethambo kunye namathambo abuthathaka. Amanye amayeza e-COPD nawo anokubangela ukulahleka kwethambo.
• Uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abaneCOPD bazive bedandathekile okanye bexhalabile. Ukuphefumla kunokubangela uxinzelelo. Kwaye, ukuba neempawu kuyakucothisa ukuze ungabinako ukwenza njengoko ubuqhele ukwenza.
• Isifo sokuqaqamba kwentliziyo kunye nesifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD.)
• Umhlaza wemiphunga. Ukuqhubeka nokutshaya kwandisa lo mngcipheko.

Zininzi izinto ezidlala indima ekubeni kutheni abantu abaneCOPD behlala benezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ukutshaya yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili kwezi ngxaki zingasentla.

• I-COPD ihlala ikhula kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Kwaye abantu bathanda ukuba neengxaki zempilo ngakumbi njengoko bekhula.
• I-COPD yenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukuzilolonga ngokwaneleyo. Ukungasebenzi kunokukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nethambo kunye nezihlunu kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko kwezinye iingxaki zempilo.
• Amanye amayeza e-COPD anokunyusa umngcipheko kwezinye iimeko ezinje ngokulahleka kwethambo, iimeko zentliziyo, isifo seswekile, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Sebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nogqirha wakho ukugcina i-COPD kunye nezinye iingxaki zonyango phantsi kolawulo. Ukuthatha la manyathelo alandelayo kunokunceda ukukhusela impilo yakho:

• Thatha amayeza kunye nonyango njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka. Kwakhona kuphephe ukutshaya. Ukuphepha umsi yeyona ndlela icothayo yokonakalisa imiphunga yakho. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya kunye nezinye iindlela, ezinje ngonyango lokutshintshwa kwenicotine kunye namayeza okuphelisa icuba.
• Xoxa nengozi kunye neziphumo zamayeza akho kunye nogqirha wakho. Kukho iindlela ezingcono onokukhetha kuzo okanye izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa okanye ukucima ukonzakala. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ubona naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Unesitofu sokugonya sonyaka somkhuhlane kunye nenyumoniya (pneumococcal bacteria) wokugonya ukunceda ukukhusela kwizifo. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo. Hlala kude nabantu abanomkhuhlane okanye ezinye izifo.
• Hlala usebenza ngokukhawuleza. Zama ukuhamba okufutshane kunye nokuqeqeshwa kobunzima obulula. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokuzilolonga.
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni okunotyebileyo kwiiproteni ezingcakacileyo, iintlanzi, ukutya okuziinkozo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Ukutya ukutya okuncinci okunempilo ngemini kunokukunika izakhamzimba ozifunayo ngaphandle kokuziva udumbile. Isisu esigcweleyo sinokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba uziva ulusizi, ungenakunceda, okanye ukhathazekile. Kukho iinkqubo, unyango kunye namayeza anokukunceda uzive unethemba kwaye unethemba kwaye unciphise iimpawu zokuxhalaba okanye ukudandatheka.

Khumbula ukuba awuwedwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenza nawe ukukunceda uhlale usempilweni kwaye usebenza kangangoko.

Kuya kufuneka ubize ugqirha wakho xa:

• Unemiqondiso emitsha okanye iimpawu ezikukhathazayo.
• Unengxaki yokulawula imeko yakho yezempilo okanye enye.
• Unenkxalabo malunga neengxaki zakho zempilo kunye nonyango.
• Uziva uphelelwe lithemba, ulusizi, okanye uxhalabile.
• Uyaqaphela ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyakukhathaza.

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga - izinto ezihlekisayo; I-COPD-comorbidities

ICelli BR, iZuwallack RL. Ukuvuselelwa kwenkqubo yemiphunga. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 105.

Inyathelo leHlabathi leSifo seMiphunga esiNgapheliyo (GOLD). Isicwangciso sehlabathi sokufumanisa isifo, ukulawula kunye nokuthintela isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga: ingxelo ye-2019. igolidecopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf. Kufumaneka ngo-Oktobha 22, 2019.

UHan MK, uLazaro SC. I-COPD: ukufumanisa isifo kunye nolawulo. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 44.

• ICOPD