Isensorimotor polyneuropathy

Isensorimotor polyneuropathy yimeko ebangela ukuncipha kokuhamba okanye ukuziva (imvakalelo) ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo.

I-Neuropathy kuthetha isifo, okanye ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo. Xa isenzeka ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-nervous system (i-CNS), oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo, ibizwa ngokuba yipheripheral neuropathy. I-Mononeuropathy ithetha ukuba kubandakanyeka enye ye-nerve. I-Polyneuropathy ithetha ukuba uninzi lweentsholongwane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ziyabandakanyeka.

I-Neuropathy inokuchaphazela imithambo-luvo ebonelela ngemvakalelo (i-sensory neuropathy) okanye ibangele intshukumo (motor neuropathy). Inokuchaphazela zombini, kwimeko apho ibizwa ngokuba yi-sensorimotor neuropathy.

I-Sensorimotor polyneuropathy yinkqubo yomzimba (systemic) eyonakalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo, iintsinga zemithambo-luvo (ii-axon), kunye nokugqunywa kwemithambo-luvo (myelin sheath). Ukonakala kwesigqubuthelo seseli yemithambo-luvo kubangela ukuba iimpawu zemithambo-luvo zicothe okanye ziyeke. Umonakalo kwifayibha yethambo okanye iiseli zemithambo-luvo iyonke inokwenza ukuba i-nerve iyeke ukusebenza. Ezinye ii-neuropathies zikhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngelixa ezinye zinokuqalisa kwaye ziba nzima ngaphakathi kweeyure ukuya kwiintsuku.

Ukonakala kwamathambo kunokubangelwa ngu:

• Ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo (xa umzimba uhlasela ngokwawo) ukuphazamiseka
• Iimeko ezibeka uxinzelelo kwimithambo-luvo
• Ukuncipha kwegazi kuye kwi-nerve
• Izifo ezitshabalalisa iglu (izicwili) ezigcina iiseli kunye nezicubu kunye
• Ukudumba (ukudumba) kwemithambo-luvo

Ezinye izifo zikhokelela kwi-polyneuropathy ikakhulu enoluvo okanye ikakhulu iimoto. Izizathu ezinokubakho ze-sensorimotor polyneuropathy zibandakanya:

• I-neuropathy yotywala
• I-Amyloid polyneuropathy
• Ukuphazamiseka komzimba, njengeSjögren syndrome
• Umhlaza (obizwa ngokuba yi-paraneoplastic neuropathy)
• Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) le-neuropathy yokuvuvukala
• Isifo seswekile
• I-neuropathy enxulumene neziyobisi, kubandakanya ichemotherapy
• Isifo seGuillain-Barré
• Ilifa lemithambo-luvo
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo
  
• I-thyroid ephantsi
  
• Isifo seParkinson
  
• Ukunqongophala kweVitamin (iivithamini B12, B1, kunye no-E)
• Usulelo lwe-Zika virus

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuncipha kwemvakalelo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yomzimba
• Kunzima ukugwinya okanye ukuphefumla
• Kunzima ukusebenzisa iingalo okanye izandla
• Kunzima ukusebenzisa imilenze okanye iinyawo
• Kunzima ukuhamba
• Ubuhlungu, ukutshisa, ukubetha, okanye ukuziva okungaqhelekanga kuyo nayiphi na indawo yomzimba (ebizwa ngokuba yi-neuralgia)
• Ubuthathaka bobuso, iingalo, okanye imilenze, okanye nayiphi na indawo yomzimba
• Ukuwa ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokunqongophala kokulinganisela kwaye ungaziva umhlaba phantsi kweenyawo zakho

Iimpawu zingakhula ngokukhawuleza (njenge-Guillain-Barré syndrome) okanye kancinci kwiiveki ukuya kwiminyaka. Iimpawu zihlala zenzeka kumacala omabini omzimba. Rhoqo, aqala eziphelweni zeenzwane kuqala.

Umboneleli wezempilo uyakukuvavanya akubuze malunga neempawu zakho. Uviwo lunokubonisa:

• Ukuncipha kwemvakalelo (inokuchaphazela ukubamba, iintlungu, ukungcangcazela, okanye imeko)
• Ukuhla kwengqondo (ubukhulu becala iqatha)
• Ukubetha kwezihlunu
• Ukudumba kwemisipha
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Ukukhubazeka

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• I-Biopsy yeentsholongwane ezichaphazelekayo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lombane lwezihlunu (EMG)
• Uvavanyo lombane lokuqhutywa kwentliziyo
• X-reyi okanye ezinye iimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinjengeMRI

Iinjongo zonyango zibandakanya:

• Ukufumana unobangela
• Ukulawula iimpawu
• Ukukhuthaza ukuzikhathalela komntu kunye nokuzimela

Kuxhomekeke kwisizathu, unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ukutshintsha amayeza, ukuba ngaba abangela ingxaki
• Ukulawula inqanaba leswekile yegazi, xa i-neuropathy isuka kwisifo seswekile
• Ukungaseli tywala
• Ukuthatha izongezo zemihla ngemihla zokutya
• Amayeza ukunyanga unobangela wesifo se-polyneuropathy

UKUKHUTHAZA UKUKHATHALELA NOKUZIMELELA

• Ukuzivocavoca kunye nokuzilolonga kwakhona ukuze wandise umsebenzi wee-nerves ezonakeleyo
• Unyango lomsebenzi (wobugcisa)
• Unyango emsebenzini
• Unyango lwamathambo
• Ulungiso lwenyama
• Izitulo zamavili, izihlangu zezilima ezidityanisiweyo, okanye iziqwenga

ULAWULO LWEempawu

Ukhuseleko lubalulekile kubantu abane-neuropathy. Ukunqongophala kolawulo lwezihlunu kunye nokunciphisa imvakalelo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuwa okanye ukonzakala.

Ukuba unobunzima bokuhamba, la manyathelo anokukunceda ugcine ukhuselekile:

• Shiya izibane zivuliwe.
• Susa izithintelo (ezinje ngeengubo ezirhabaxa ezinokutyibilika phantsi).
• Vavanya ubushushu bamanzi ngaphambi kokuhlamba.
• Sebenzisa iziporo.
• Nxiba izihlangu ezikhuselayo (ezinjengezo zineenzwane ezivaliweyo kunye nezithende ezisezantsi).
• Nxiba izihlangu ezinonyawo olungatyibilikiyo.

Ezinye iingcebiso zibandakanya:

• Jonga iinyawo zakho (okanye enye indawo echaphazelekayo) mihla le ukuze ufumane imivumbo, iindawo ezivulekileyo zolusu, okanye ukwenzakala, onokungakuboni kwaye ungosuleleka.
• Jonga ngaphakathi izihlangu rhoqo ukuba akukho grit okanye amabala arhabaxa anokulimaza iinyawo zakho.
• Ndwendwela ugqirha weenyawo (podiatrist) ukuvavanya kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokonzakala kwiinyawo zakho.
• Kuphephe ukuthembela kwiingqiniba zakho, ukuwela ngamadolo, okanye ukuba kwezinye izikhundla ezibeka uxinzelelo olude kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga le meko:

• I-over-the-counter kunye nentlungu yokuthomalalisa iintlungu ukunciphisa iintlungu zokuhlaba (i-neuralgia)
• I-Anticonvulsants okanye i-anti-depressants
• Izinto zokuthambisa, iikhrim, okanye iziqwengana ezinamayeza

Sebenzisa iyeza lentlungu kuphela xa kukho imfuneko. Ukugcina umzimba wakho kwindawo efanelekileyo okanye ukugcina iilinen zebhedi kwindawo yomzimba ethembekileyo kunokunceda ukulawula iintlungu.

La maqela anokubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-neuropathy.

• Isiseko seNeuropathy Action - www.neuropathyaction.org
• Isiseko sePheripherial Neuropathy- www.foundationforpn.org

Ngamanye amaxesha, unokuchacha ngokupheleleyo kwi-peripheral neuropathy ukuba umboneleli wakho unokufumana unobangela kwaye ayinyange ngempumelelo, kwaye ukuba umonakalo awuchaphazeli iseli ye-nerve yonke.

Inani lokukhubazeka liyahluka. Abanye abantu abanaziphene. Abanye banokuphulukana nokuhamba, ukusebenza, okanye ukuziva. Iintlungu zemithambo-luvo zinokungonwabi kwaye zinokuhlala ixesha elide.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-sensorimotor polyneuropathy ibangela iimpawu ezinzima, ezisongela ubomi.

Iingxaki ezinokubangela zibandakanya:

• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukwenzakala ngeenyawo (okubangelwa zihlangu ezimbi okanye amanzi ashushu xa usiya ebhafini)
• Ubumdaka
• Intlungu
• Unengxaki yokuhamba
• Ubuthathaka
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya (kwiimeko ezinzima)
• Ukuwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwemali

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba ulahlekelwe yintshukumo okanye uziva kwinxalenye yomzimba wakho. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunyusa ithuba lokulawula iimpawu.

Polyneuropathy - isivamvo

• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system
• Inkqubo yovalo

UCraig A, uRichardson JK, u-Ayyangar R.Ukuvuselelwa kwezigulana ezine-neuropathies. Ku: Cifu DX, ed. Amayeza oNyango kaBraddom kunye noVuselelo. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 41.

I-Endrizzi SA, uRathmell JP, uHurley RW. Iintlungu ze-neuropathies ezibuhlungu. Ku: I-Benzon HT, i-Raja SN, i-Liu SS, i-Fishman SM, i-Cohen SP, ii-eds. Iimfuno zonyango lwezoNyango. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 32.

Katitji B.Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yoluvo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 107.