Tularemia

I-Tularemia yintsholongwane ebangelwa ziimpuku zasendle. Iibhaktheriya zidluliselwa ebantwini ngokunxibelelana nezicubu ezivela kwisilwanyana esosulelekileyo. Iibhaktheriya nazo zingadluliselwa ngamakhalane, iimpukane ezilumayo, kunye neengcongconi.

I-Tularemia ibangelwa yintsholongwane UFrancisella tularensis.

Abantu banokusifumana isifo ngoku:

• Ukulunywa yingcongconi esulelekileyo, ubhabhakazana, okanye iingcongconi
• Ukuphefumla ukungcola okusulelekileyo okanye izinto zezityalo
• Ukuqhagamshelana ngqo, ngekhefu elukhumbeni, kunye nesilwanyana esosulelekileyo okanye umzimba waso ofileyo (amaxesha amaninzi umvundla, muskrat, beaver, okanye squirrel)
• Ukutya inyama enesifo (kunqabile)

Isifo esixhaphakileyo senzeka eMntla Merika nakwiindawo ezithile zeYurophu neAsia. EUnited States, esi sifo sifumaneka rhoqo eMissouri, eMzantsi Dakota, e-Oklahoma nase-Arkansas. Nangona ukuqhambuka kunokwenzeka eUnited States, kunqabile.

Abanye abantu banokuvelisa inyumoniya emva kokuphefumla kumdaka osulelekileyo okanye kwizixhobo zezityalo. Olu suleleko luye lwaziwa ukuba lwenzeka kwi-Martha's Vineyard (eMassachusetts), apho ibhaktiriya ikhona kwimivundla, kwiiraccoons, nakwiiskunks.

Iimpawu zikhula emva kweentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokuvezwa. Esi sifo sihlala siqala ngequbuliso. Inokuqhubeka iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba iimpawu ziqale.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukubila
• Ukucaphuka kwamehlo (i-conjunctivitis, ukuba usulelo luqale kwiso)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuqina ngokudibeneyo, iintlungu zemisipha
• Indawo ebomvu elukhumbeni, ikhula ibe sisilonda (isilonda)
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Uvavanyo lwale meko lubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi kwiibhaktheriya
• Uvavanyo lwegazi olulinganisa impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (ii-antibodies) kusulelo (i-serology ye-tularemia)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Uvavanyo lwe-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) lwesampulu yesilonda

Injongo yonyango kukunyanga usulelo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane i-streptomycin kunye ne-tetracycline aqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukunyanga esi sifo. Enye iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane, i-gentamicin, liye lazanywa njengenye indlela ye-streptomycin. I-Gentamicin ibonakala isebenza kakhulu, kodwa ifundwe kwinani elincinci kuphela labantu kuba esi sifo sinqabile. I-antibiotics i-tetracycline kunye ne-chloramphenicol zinokusetyenziswa zodwa, kodwa azihlali zikhethwa kuqala.

I-Tularemia iyabulala malunga neepesenti ezintlanu zamatyala anganyangekiyo, kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-1% yamatyala anyangiweyo.

I-Tularemia inokukhokelela kwezi ngxaki:

• Usulelo lwe-Bone (osteomyelitis)
• Usulelo lwe-sac ejikeleze intliziyo (i-pericarditis)
• Usulelo lweembrane ezigubungela ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomgogodla (meningitis)
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezononophelo lwempilo ukuba ngaba iimpawu zikhula emva kokulunywa ziimpuku, ukuluma amakhalane, okanye ukubonakaliswa kwinyama yesilwanyana sasendle.

Amanyathelo othintelo abandakanya ukunxiba iiglavu xa ulusu okanye unxiba izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nokuhlala kude nezilwanyana ezigulayo okanye ezifileyo.

Umkhuhlane we-Deerfly; Umkhuhlane womvundla; Isibetho sePahvant Valley; Isifo seOhara; Yato-byo (eJapan); Umkhuhlane weLemming

• Amakhalane amaxhama
• Amakhalane
• Phawula ngaphakathi kulusu lwakho
• Iintsholongwane
• Iintsholongwane

UPenn RL. UFrancisella tularensis (tularemia). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 229.

Schaffner W. Tularemia kunye nezinye UFrancisella usulelo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 311.