Unyango lweHormone lomhlaza wamabele

Unyango lwehormone ukunyanga umhlaza wamabele lusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye unyango ukunyusa amanqanaba okanye ukuthintela isenzo samahomoni esini sabasetyhini (i-estrogen kunye neprogesterone) emzimbeni womfazi. Oku kunceda ukucothisa ukukhula komhlaza wamabele amaninzi.

Unyango lweHormone lwenza ukuba umhlaza ungabikho amathuba okubuya emva kotyando lomhlaza wamabele. Ikwacothisa ukukhula komhlaza wamabele osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyango lwehormone lunokusetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuthintela umhlaza kwabasetyhini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wamabele.

Kwahlukile kunyango lwehomoni ukunyanga iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni.

Iihomoni ze-estrogen kunye neprogesterone zenza ezinye i-cancer zomhlaza zikhule. Babizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza webele onovakalelo webele. Uninzi lomhlaza webele lunovakalelo kwiihomoni.

I-Estrogen kunye neprogesterone ziveliswa kwii-ovari nakwezinye izicubu ezinje ngamanqatha nolusu. Emva kokuyeka ukuya esikhathini, ii-ovari ziyeke ukuvelisa ezi hormone. Kodwa umzimba uyaqhubeka nokwenza isixa esincinci.

Unyango lweHormone lusebenza kuphela kumhlaza onovakalelo lwehomoni. Ukubona ukuba unyango lwehomoni lungasebenza, oogqirha bavavanya isampulu yethumba elisusiweyo ngexesha lotyando ukubona ukuba umhlaza unokuba novakalelo na kwiihomoni.

Unyango lwehormone lunokusebenza ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Ngokuthintela i-estrogen ekusebenzeni kwiiseli zomhlaza
• Ngokunciphisa amanqanaba e-estrogen emzimbeni womfazi

Amanye amachiza asebenza ngokuthintela i-estrogen ekubangeleni iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zikhule.

I-Tamoxifen (i-Nolvadex) sisiyobisi esithintela i-estrogen ekuxeleleni iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zikhule. Inezibonelelo ezininzi:

• Ukuthatha iTamoxifen kangangeminyaka emi-5 emva kotyando lomhlaza wamabele kunciphisa ithuba lomhlaza obuya ngesiqingatha. Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukuyithatha iminyaka eyi-10 kunokusebenza ngcono.
• Unciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza uza kukhula kwelinye ibele.
• Iyacotha ukukhula kwaye inciphisa umhlaza osele usasazekile.
• Iyanciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana umhlaza kwabasetyhini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Amanye amachiza asebenza ngendlela efanayo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza osele usasazekile:

• IsiToremifene (Fareston)
• I-Fulvestrant (iFaslodex)

Amanye amayeza, abizwa ngokuba yi-aromatase inhibitors (AI), ayeke umzimba ekwenzeni i-estrogen kwizicwili ezinje ngamanqatha nolusu. Kodwa, la machiza awasebenzi ukwenza ii-ovari ziyeke ukwenza i-estrogen. Ngesi sizathu, zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuthoba amanqanaba e-estrogen kwabasetyhini abaye baphuma exesheni (emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni). Ii-ovari zazo azisenzi i-estrogen.

Abafazi be-Premenopausal banokuthatha ii-AI ukuba bathatha iziyobisi eziyekisa ama-ovari ekwenzeni i-estrogen.

I-Aromatase inhibitors ibandakanya:

• Anastrozole (Arimidex)
• ILetrozole (Femara)
• Umboniso (Aromasin)

Olu hlobo lonyango lusebenza kuphela kubafazi be-premenopausal abasebenza ngama-ovari. Inokukunceda ezinye iintlobo zonyango lwehomoni zisebenze ngcono. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza osele usasazekile.

Zintathu iindlela zokunciphisa amanqanaba e-estrogen kwii-ovari:

• Ugqirha lokususa amaqanda
• Imitha yokonakalisa ii-ovari ngoko ke ayisasebenzi, esisigxina
• Iziyobisi ezinje nge-goserelin (Zoladex) kunye ne-leuprolide (Lupron) eyeka okwethutyana ii-ovari ekwenzeni i-estrogen

Naziphi na kwezi ndlela ziya kubeka umfazi ekuyekeni ukuya exesheni. Oku kubangela iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni:

• Kushushu
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ukoma kwelungu lobufazi
• Ukuhamba kweemvakalelo
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukuphulukana nomdla kwisini

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwehomoni zixhomekeke kwichiza. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo zibandakanya ukutshisa okutshisayo, ukukhupha ebusuku, kunye nokuma komzimba.

Amanye amachiza anokubangela ukuxhaphaka okungaqhelekanga,

• Tamoxifen. Amagqabantshintshi egazi, ukubethwa sisifo, ikhathakhatha, umdlavuza we-endometrial kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, uxinzelelo kunye nokuphulukana nomdla kwisini.
• Inhibitors yeAromatase. I-cholesterol ephezulu, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ukulahleka kwethambo, intlungu edibeneyo, ukuguquka kwemizwelo kunye nokudandatheka.
• Umgcini mali. Ukuphelelwa ngumdla, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukuqhina, urhudo, iintlungu esiswini, ubuthathaka, kunye nentlungu.

Ukuthatha isigqibo kunyango lwehomoni kumhlaza wamabele kunokuba sisigqibo esintsonkothileyo kwaye nokuba kunzima. Uhlobo lonyango olufumanayo lunokuxhomekeka ekubeni sele uyekile ukuya exesheni ngaphambi konyango lomhlaza wamabele. Kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni uyafuna ukuba nabantwana. Ukuthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokhetho lwakho kunye nezibonelelo kunye nomngcipheko kunyango ngalunye kunokukunceda wenze esona sigqibo silungileyo kuwe.

Unyango lwehomoni - umhlaza wamabele; Unyango lwehormone - umhlaza webele; Unyango lwe-endocrine; Umhlaza onovakalelo weHormone - unyango; Unyango oluhle lwe-ER; Aromatase inhibitors - umhlaza webele

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza. Unyango lweHormone lomhlaza wamabele. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/hormone-therapy-for-breast-cancer.html. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 18, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 11, 2019.

UHenry NL, u-Shah PD, uHaider I, uFreer PE, uJagsi R, uSabel MS. Umhlaza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 88.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lweHormone lomhlaza wamabele. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-hormone-therapy-fact-sheet. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 14, 2017. Kufikeleleke ngoNovemba 11, 2019.

URugo HS, Rumble RB, Macrae E, okqhubekayo. Unyango lwe-Endocrine yehormone receptor-positive umhlaza webele we-metastatic: UMbutho waseMelika weSikhokelo seClinic Oncology. J Ikliniki ye-Oncol. Ngo-2016; 34 (25): 3069-3103. IINKCUKACHA: 27217461 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27217461.

• Umhlaza webele