Iindidi zekhemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukunyanga umhlaza. I-Chemotherapy ibulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza, ukunceda ukuba ungasasazi, okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu.

Kwezinye iimeko, abantu baphathwa ngohlobo olunye lwe-chemotherapy. Kodwa rhoqo, abantu bafumana ngaphezulu kolunye uhlobo lwechemotherapy ngexesha. Oku kunceda ukuhlasela umhlaza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo kunye ne-immunotherapy lolunye unyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa amayeza ukunyanga umhlaza.

I-chemotherapy esemgangathweni isebenza ngokubulala iiseli zomhlaza kunye nezinye iiseli eziqhelekileyo. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo kunye ne-immunotherapy zero kwiithagethi ezithile (iimolekyuli) ngaphakathi okanye kwiiseli zomhlaza.

Uhlobo kunye nomthamo we-chemotherapy ugqirha wakho akunika wona uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Uhlobo lomhlaza onalo
• Apho umhlaza waqala khona emzimbeni wakho
• Zijongeka njani iiseli zomhlaza phantsi kwemicroscope
• Nokuba umhlaza usasazekile
• Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo ngokubanzi

Zonke iiseli emzimbeni zikhula ngokwahlula-hlula zibe ziiseli ezimbini, okanye zahlule. Abanye bahlula ukulungisa umonakalo emzimbeni. Umhlaza wenzeka xa kukho into ebangela ukuba iiseli zahlule kwaye zikhule zingalawuleki. Bahlala bekhula ukwenza ubunzima beeseli, okanye ithumba.

I-Chemotherapy ihlasela ukwahlula iiseli. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokwenzeka ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo. Ezinye iintlobo zekhemotherapy zonakalisa izinto zemvelo ngaphakathi kwiseli ezixelela indlela yokuzikopa okanye yokuzilungisa. Ezinye iintlobo zivimba iikhemikhali iseli efuna ukwahlulahlula.

Ezinye iiseli eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni zahlulahlula rhoqo, ezinjengeenwele kunye neeseli zolusu. Ezi seli zinokubulawa yi-chemo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga njengokulahleka kweenwele. Kodwa iiseli ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zinokuphola emva kokuphela konyango.

Kukho ngaphezulu kwe-100 yamachiza e-chemotherapy. Apha ngezantsi kukho iintlobo ezisixhenxe eziphambili ze-chemotherapy, iintlobo zomhlaza abazinyangayo, kunye nemizekelo. Isilumkiso sibandakanya izinto ezahlukileyo kwimiphumo emibi yechemotherapy.

I-ALKYLATING AGENTS

Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga:

• Ileukemia
• KwiLymphoma
• Isifo seHodgkin
• I-myeloma eninzi
• ISarcoma
• Ingqondo
• Umhlaza wemiphunga, webele kunye ne-ovary

Imizekelo:

• I-Busulfan (Myleran)
• Cyclophosphamide
• ITemozolomide (iTemodar)

Isilumkiso:

• Ngamana ungonakalisa umongo wethambo, onokuthi ukhokelele kwi-leukemia.

IIMPAWU ZAMAXESHA

Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga:

• Ileukemia
• Umhlaza webele, ovary, kunye namathumbu emathunjini

Imizekelo:

• I-5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
• I-6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
• ICapecitabine (Xeloda)
• Gemcitabine

Isilumkiso: Akukho

I-ANTIBIOTICS YOKUPHUHLISA ISIQHAMO

Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga:

• Iindidi ezininzi zomhlaza.

Imizekelo:

• IDactinomycin (iCosmegen)
• IBleomycin
• IDaunorubicin (Cerubidine, Rubidomycin)
• IDoxorubicin (Adriamycin PFS, iAdriamycin RDF)

Isilumkiso:

• Amanani aphezulu anokuyonakalisa intliziyo.

TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS

Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga:

• Ileukemia
• Imiphunga, i-ovari, isisu kunye neminye imihlaza

Imizekelo:

• Etoposide
• Irinotecan (eCamptosar)
• Topotecan (IHycamtin)

Isilumkiso:

• Ezinye zingenza ukuba umntu abe nomhlaza wesibini, obizwa ngokuba yi-acute myeloid leukemia, kwisithuba seminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu.

ABAKHUSELEKILEYO BEMITOTIC

Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga:

• UMyeloma
• KwiiLymphomas
• Leukemias
• Umhlaza webele okanye wemiphunga

Imizekelo:

• I-Docetaxel (iTaxotere)
• I-Eribulin (i-Halaven)
• Ixabepilone (Ixempra)
• I-Paclitaxel (iTaxol)
• Vinblastine

Isilumkiso:

• Kungenzeka ukuba ezinye iintlobo zekhemotherapy zibangele ukulimala kwentlungu.

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza. Zisebenza njani iziyobisi ngamachiza. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatment-and-side-effects/treatment-types/chemotherapy/how-chemotherapy-drugs-work.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 22, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Matshi 20, 2020.

UCollins JM. I-pharmacology yomhlaza. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 25.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Uluhlu oluya ku-Z kuluhlu lweziyobisi zomhlaza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs. Ifunyenwe ngoNovemba 11, 2019.

• Umhlaza Chemotherapy