Yenza ukungahambi kakuhle

Ukuziphatha okungalunganga siseti yeengxaki eziqhubekayo zeemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha ezenzeka ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo. Iingxaki zinokubandakanya ukungakhathali okanye ukungaziphathi kakuhle, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukuziphatha kokuphazamiseka kunxulunyaniswe ne:

• Uhlukunyezo lwabantwana
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye kotywala kubazali
• Iimbambano zosapho
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza
• Intlupheko

Ukuxilongwa kuqheleke ngakumbi kubafana.

Kunzima ukwazi ukuba bangaphi abantwana abanesifo. Kungenxa yokuba uninzi lweempawu zokuchongwa kwesifo, ezinje "ngokudelela" kunye "nokuphula umthetho," kunzima ukuzichaza. Ukuchongwa kwesifo sokuziphatha, isimilo kufuneka sigqithise kakhulu kunokuba samkelekile ekuhlaleni.

Ukuziphatha kokuphazamiseka kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukuziphatha kokuphazamiseka nako kunokuba luphawu lokuqala loxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Abantwana abanengxaki yokuziphatha baziva benyanzelekile, kunzima ukulawula, kwaye bengakhathali ngeemvakalelo zabanye abantu.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukophula imithetho ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo
• Ukuziphatha ngenkohlakalo okanye ubundlongondlongo ebantwini okanye kwizilwanyana (umzekelo: ukuxhaphaza, ukulwa, ukusebenzisa izixhobo eziyingozi, ukunyanzelisa isenzo sesondo, nokuba
• Ukungayi esikolweni (ukutshatyalaliswa, ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-13)
• Ukusela kakhulu kunye / okanye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi
• Ukubeka ngabom imililo
• Ukuxoka ukufumana ubabalo okanye ukuphepha izinto ekufuneka bezenzile
• Ukubaleka
• Ukonakalisa okanye ukutshabalalisa ipropathi

Aba bantwana bahlala bengenzi mzamo wokufihla indlela abaziphethe ngayo. Banokuba nobunzima ekwenzeni abahlobo bokwenene.

Akukho luvavanyo lokwenyani lokuchonga ukungaziphathi kakuhle. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa xa umntwana okanye umntwana okwishumi elivisayo enembali yokuziphatha okungalunganga.

Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ukulawula iimeko zonyango ezifanayo nezokuziphatha. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuskena kwengqondo kunceda ukulawula ezinye iingxaki.

Ukuze unyango lube yimpumelelo, kufuneka luqale kwangethuba. Usapho lomntwana nalo kufuneka lubandakanyeke. Abazali banokufunda iindlela zokunceda ukulawula ingxaki yokuziphatha komntwana wabo.

Kwiimeko zokuphathwa gadalala, umntwana angafuna ukuba asuswe kusapho kwaye abekwe kwikhaya elingenasiphithiphithi. Unyango ngamayeza okanye unyango oluthethwayo lunokusetyenziselwa ukudakumba kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Uninzi lwezikolo "zokulungiswa kokuziphatha", iinkqubo zasentlango, kunye ne "boot camp" zithengiselwa abazali njengezisombululo zokuziphatha gwenxa. Akukho phando luxhasa ezi nkqubo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukunyanga abantwana ekhaya, kunye neentsapho zabo, kusebenza ngakumbi.

Abantwana abafunyaniswe ukuba banyangeke kwangethuba bahlala boyisa iingxaki zabo.

Abantwana abaneempawu ezibi okanye ezixhaphakileyo kwaye abangakwaziyo ukulugqiba unyango bahlala benesimo sengqondo esibi kakhulu.

Abantwana abanengxaki yokuziphatha banokuqhubeka nokukhula kokuphazamiseka kubuntu njengabantu abadala, ngakumbi ukungahambelani nobuntu. Njengokuba iindlela zabo zokuziphatha zisiba mandundu, aba bantu banokuphuhlisa iingxaki nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nomthetho.

Ukudakumba kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokuvela kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo kunye nokuba mdala. Ukuzibulala kunye nobundlobongela kwabanye nazo zinokubakho iingxaki.

Jonga umboneleli wezempilo ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Rhoqo ungena engxakini
• Iguqukile imood
• Ngaba uyangcungcuthekisa abanye okanye ukhohlakele izilwanyana
• Uxhatshazwa
• Kubonakala ngathi banoburharha obukhulu

Unyango lwakwangoko lunokunceda.

Unyango kwangoko luqalisiwe, kokukhona umntwana enokufunda indlela yokuziphatha eguqukayo kwaye aphephe iingxaki ezinokubakho.

Ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo-umntwana; Ingxaki yolawulo lwempembelelo-umntwana

Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. Ukuphazamisa, ukulawula impembelelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha. Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo. Umhla we-5. IArlington, VA: Ukupapashwa kwengqondo yaseMelika; Ngo-2013: 469-475.

UWalter HJ, uRashid A, uMoseley LR, uDeMaso DR. Ukuphazamisa, ukulawula impembelelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha. Ku: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 29.

I-Weissman AR, iGould CM, iSanders KM. Ukuphazamiseka kulawulo lwempembelelo. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 23.