Isifuba kubantwana

Isifo sombefu sisifo esidala ukuba iindlela zomoya zidumbise zize zinciphise. Kukhokelela ekuvuseleleni, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuqina kwesifuba kunye nokukhohlela.

Isifo sombefu sibangelwa kukudumba (ukudumba) kwindlela yomoya. Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa sisifuba, izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zomoya ziyaqina. Ukufakwa kwepaseji zomoya kuyadumba. Ngenxa yoko, umoya omncinci uyakwazi ukudlula.

Isifo sombefu sidla ngokubonakala ebantwaneni. Ngoyena nobangela uphambili weentsuku zesikolo eziphosakeleyo kunye notyelelo esibhedlele lwabantwana. Ukungaphenduli komzimba kuyinxalenye ephambili yesifuba kubantwana. Isifuba se-asthma kunye ne-allergies zihlala zenzeka kunye.

Kubantwana abaneendlela zomoya ezibuthathaka, iimpawu zesifuba zinokubangelwa kukuphefumla izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-allergener, okanye izinto ezibangela ukuba ube nesifo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo sombefu zibandakanya:

• Izilwanyana (iinwele okanye idander)
• Uthuli, ukungunda kunye nomungu
• I-Aspirin namanye amayeza
• Utshintsho kwimozulu (amaxesha amaninzi kubanda kakhulu)
• Iikhemikhali ezisemoyeni okanye ekutyeni
• Umsi wecuba
• Zilolonge
• Iimvakalelo ezinamandla
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane, njengokubanda okuqhelekileyo

Iingxaki zokuphefumla ziqhelekileyo. Banokubandakanya:

• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ndiziva ndiphelelwe ngumoya
• Ukuhlahlela umoya
• Ingxaki yokuphefumla (ukukhupha)
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo

Xa umntwana kunzima ukuphefumla, ulusu lwesifuba nentamo lunokuncanca ngaphakathi.

Ezinye iimpawu zesifo sombefu kubantwana zibandakanya:

• Ukukhohlela ngamanye amaxesha kuvusa umntwana ebusuku (inokuba kuphela kwempawu).
• Iingxowa ezimnyama phantsi kwamehlo.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe.
• Ukucaphuka.
• Ukuqina esifubeni.
• Isandi sokubetha impempe esenziwe xa uphefumla (ukuvutha). Ungayiqaphela ngakumbi xa umntwana ephefumla.

Iimpawu zesifuba somntwana wakho zinokwahluka. Iimpawu zinokubonakala rhoqo okanye zikhule kuphela xa izinto ezikhoyo zibangela. Abanye abantwana banamathuba okuba neempawu zesifuba ebusuku.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kusebenzisa i-stethoscope ukumamela imiphunga yomntwana. Umboneleli unako ukuva izandi zesifuba. Nangona kunjalo, izandi zemiphunga zihlala ziqhelekile xa umntwana engenahlaselo lwesifuba.

Umboneleli uya kuphefumlela umntwana kwisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yimitha yokuhamba okuphezulu. Ukuphakama kweemitha kungachaza ukuba umntwana angawuvuthuza njani umoya aphume emiphungeni. Ukuba iindlela zomoya zimxinwa ngenxa yesifuba, ukuhla kwexabiso lokuhla kwexabiso kuyehla.

Wena nomntwana wakho niyakufunda ukulinganisa ukuhamba okuphezulu ekhaya.

Umboneleli womntwana wakho unoku-odola ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Ukuvavanywa komzimba kunye nolusu, okanye uvavanyo lwegazi ukubona ukuba umntwana wakho akaliwa zizinto ezithile
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga

Wena kunye nababoneleli bomntwana wakho kufuneka nisebenze kunye njengeqela ukwenza kunye nokwenza isicwangciso somsebenzi sesifuba.

Esi sicwangciso siza kukuxelela ukuba:

• Kuphephe ukubangela isifuba
• Jonga iimpawu
• Linganisa ukuhamba okuphezulu
• Thatha amayeza

Isicwangciso kufuneka sikuxelele nokuba ubize nini umboneleli. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi imibuzo oza kuyibuza umboneleli womntwana wakho.

Abantwana abane-asthma bafuna inkxaso eninzi esikolweni.

• Nika abasebenzi besikolo isicwangciso sakho sombefu ukuze bazi ukuba bangayinyamekela njani i-asthma yomntwana wakho.
• Fumanisa ukuba ungamvumela njani umntwana wakho ukuba athathe amayeza ngexesha lesikolo. (Kuya kufuneka usayine ifom yemvume.)
• Ukuba nesifuba somzimba akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho akanako ukuzilolonga. Abaqeqeshi, ootitshala bokuzivocavoca, kunye nomntwana wakho kufuneka bazi ukuba mabenze ntoni xa umntwana wakho eneempawu zesifuba ezibangelwa kukuzilolonga.

AMAYEZA ASESHA

Zimbini iintlobo zamayeza ezisisiseko zokunyanga isifuba.

Amachiza olawulo lwexesha elide athathwa yonke imihla ukukhusela iimpawu zesifuba. Umntwana wakho kufuneka awathathe la mayeza nokuba akukho zimpawu zikhoyo. Abanye abantwana banokufuna ngaphezulu kweyeza elinye lolawulo lwexesha elide.

Iindidi zamayeza olawulo lwexesha elide zibandakanya:

• I-inhaled steroids (ezi zihlala zikhetha unyango lokuqala)
• I-bronchodilators esebenza ixesha elide (ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa nge-inhaled steroids)
• Izithintelo zeLeukotriene
• Cromolyn sodium

Uncedo olukhawulezileyo okanye ukuhlangula iziyobisi zesifuba zisebenza ngokukhawuleza ukulawula iimpawu zesifuba. Abantwana bayabathatha xa bekhohlela, bephefumla, benengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye behlaselwa sisifuba.

Amanye amayeza esifuba somntwana wakho anokuthathwa kusetyenziswa inhaler.

• Abantwana abasebenzisa i-inhaler kufuneka basebenzise isixhobo se-spacer. Oku kubanceda ukuba bafumane iyeza emiphungeni ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho usebenzisa i-inhaler ngendlela engeyiyo, iyeza elincinci lingena emiphungeni. Ngaba umboneleli wakho abonise umntwana wakho indlela yokusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo inhaler.
• Abantwana abancinci banokusebenzisa i-nebulizer endaweni ye-inhaler yokuthatha amayeza abo. I-nebulizer iguqula iyeza lesifuba libe yinkungu.

UKUQEDA ABAKHOHLISI

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba umntwana wakho une-asthma. Ukuthintela inyathelo lokuqala ekuncedeni umntwana wakho azive engcono.

Gcina izilwanyana ngaphandle, okanye ubuncinci kude negumbi lokulala lomntwana.

Akukho mntu makatshaye endlwini okanye kufutshane nomntwana onesifo sombefu.

• Ukuphelisa umsi wecuba ekhayeni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo usapho olunokuyenza ukunceda umntwana onesifo sombefu.
• Ukutshaya ngaphandle kwendlu akwanelanga. Amalungu osapho kunye neendwendwe ezitshayayo ziphethe umsi ngaphakathi ezingubeni nasezinweleni. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu zesifuba.
• MUSA ukusebenzisa indawo yomlilo engaphakathi.

Gcina indlu icocekile. Gcina ukutya kwizikhongozeli nangaphandle kwamagumbi okulala. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ukubakho kwamaphela, anokubangela uhlaselo lwesifuba. Iimveliso zokucoca ekhaya kufuneka zingabinazinto.

YIBEKE ESWENI ISIFO SOMBEFU somntwana wakho

Ukujonga ukuhamba okuphezulu yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokulawula isifo sombefu. Inokukunceda ugcine umbefu womntwana wakho ungabi mbi. Uhlaselo lwesifo sombefu alwenzeki ngaphandle kwesilumkiso.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 abanakukwazi ukusebenzisa imitha yokuhamba okuphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ibe luncedo. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana kufuneka aqale ukusebenzisa imitha yokuhamba okuphezulu esemncinci ukuze ayiqhele. Umntu omdala kufuneka ahlale ejonge iimpawu zesifuba somntwana.

Ngonyango olululo, uninzi lwabantwana abane-asthma banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Xa isifo sesifuba singalawulwa kakuhle, kunokukhokelela kwisikolo esiphosakeleyo, iingxaki zokudlala imidlalo, umsebenzi ophosakeleyo kubazali, kunye notyelelo oluninzi kwiofisi yomboneleli nakwigumbi likaxakeka.

Iimpawu zesifo sombefu zihlala zinciphisa okanye ziphele ngokupheleleyo njengoko umntwana esiba mdala. Isifo sombefu esingalawulwa kakuhle singakhokelela kwiingxaki zemiphunga ezihlala zihleli.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, isifo sombefu sisifo esisongela ubomi. Iintsapho kufuneka zisebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye nababoneleli bazo ukwenza isicwangciso sokukhathalela umntwana onesifo sombefu.

Tsalela umnikezeli womntwana wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezintsha zesifuba. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumene ukuba une-asthma, tsalela umnikezeli:

• Emva kotyelelo kwigumbi likaxakeka
• Xa amanani okuhamba okuphezulu ebesihla
• Xa iimpawu ziba rhoqo kwaye zibanzima, nangona umntwana wakho elandela isicwangciso sesenzo sombefu

Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye uhlaselwa sisifuba, fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.

Iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo zibandakanya:

• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimilebe nasebusweni
• Uxinzelelo olukhulu ngenxa yokuphefumla okufutshane
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
• Ukubila
• Ukwehla kwenqanaba lokuphapha, njengokulala nzima okanye ukudideka

Umntwana ohlaselwa sisifo sombefu ngokuqatha angafuna ukuhlala esibhedlele afumane ioksijini kunye namayeza ngomthambo (intravenous line okanye IV).

Isifuba somntwana; Isifuba - kubantwana; Ukuphefumla - isifuba - abantwana

• Isifuba kunye nesikolo
• Ulawulo lwe-asthma
• Isifuba kubantwana-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Isifo sombefu - iziyobisi ezikhawulezayo
• Ukuzilolonga okubangelwa kukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukuzivocavoca kunye nesifuba esikolweni
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani i-nebulizer
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler-akukho spacer
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler-ene-spacer
• Uyisebenzisa njani imitha yokuhamba okuphezulu
• Yenza ukuhamba okuphezulu kube ngumkhwa
• Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa sisifuba
• Hlala kude nezinto ezibangela isifuba

• Ngokuqhelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-asthmatic bronchiole
• Imitha yokuhamba okuphezulu
• Amaphaphu
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zesifuba

UDunn NA, uNeff LA, uMaurer DM. Indlela yokunyathela isifo sombefu wabantwana. J Fam Ziqhelise. Ngo-2017; 66 (5): 280-286. IINKCUKACHA: 28459888 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28459888/.

UJackson DJ, uLemanske RF, uBacharier LB. Ukulawulwa kwesifuba kubantwana nakubantwana. Ku: IBurks AW, iHolgate ST, u-O'Hehir RE, et al, ii-eds. I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 50.

U-Liu AH, uSpahn JD, uSicherer SH. Isifuba somntwana. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 169.

ULugogo N, uQue LG, uGilstrap DL, uKraft M. Asthma: ukufumanisa isifo kunye nolawulo. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 42.

ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neenkonzo zoLuntu; I-National Heart, Lung, kunye newebhusayithi yeZiko leGazi. Ukhathalelo lwesifo sombefu ukubhekisa ngokukhawuleza: ukufumanisa isifo nokulawula isifo sombefu; izikhokelo ezivela kwiNkqubo yeSizwe yeMfundo noThintelo lwe-Asma, ingxelo yephaneli yengcali 3. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/asthma_qrg.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa kukaSeptemba 2012. Kufikeleleke ngoMeyi 8, 2020.