Umbala wobumfama

Umbala wobumfama kukungakwazi ukubona eminye imibala ngendlela yesiqhelo.

Umbala wobumfama wenzeka xa kukho ingxaki ngombala kwiiseli ezithile zemithambo-luvo yamehlo anombala. Ezi seli zibizwa ngokuba zii-cones. Zifumaneka kwinqanaba elithambileyo lokukhanya kwethishu ngasemva kweliso, elibizwa ngokuba yiritina.

Ukuba i-pigment enye ilahlekile, unokuba neengxaki ekuchazeni umahluko phakathi kobomvu nokuluhlaza. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lobumfama bombala. Ukuba i-pigment eyahlukileyo ilahlekile, unokuba neengxaki zokubona imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abantu abanemfama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mthubi bahlala benengxaki yokubona ubomvu kunye nemifuno, nayo.

Olona hlobo luqatha lobumfama ngombala yi-achromatopsia. Le yimeko enqabileyo apho umntu angaboniyo nawuphi na umbala, kuphela yimibala engwevu.

Uninzi lobumfama bombala lubangelwa yingxaki yemfuza. Phantse i-1 kwindoda eyi-10 inohlobo oluthile lokungaboni umbala. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu basetyhini abangaboniyo ngombala.

Iyeza le-hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) linokubangela ukungaboni ngamehlo. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo samathambo kunye nezinye iimeko.

Iimpawu ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• Ingxaki yokubona imibala kunye nokukhanya kwemibala ngendlela yesiqhelo
• Ukungakwazi ukuxelela umahluko phakathi kwee-shades ezifanayo okanye imibala efanayo

Rhoqo, iimpawu zithambile kangangokuba abantu banokungazi ukuba ziimfama ngombala. Umzali unokuzibona iimpawu zobumfama bombala xa umntwana omncinci eqala ukufunda imibala.

Ukuhamba kwamehlo okukhawulezayo, kwicala-ngecala (nystagmus) kunye nezinye iimpawu zinokubakho kwiimeko ezinzima.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye ugqirha wamehlo unokujonga umbono wakho wombala ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuvavanywa kobumfama bombala yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yovavanyo lwamehlo.

Akukho lonyango lwaziwayo. Iilensi zoqhakamshelwano kunye neiglasi zinokunceda abantu abangaboniyo ngombala baxelele umahluko phakathi kwemibala efanayo.

Umbala wobumfama yimeko yobomi bonke. Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nalo.

Abantu abane-colorblind abanakho ukufumana umsebenzi ofuna ukubanakho ukubona imibala ngokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, abantu abasebenza ngombane, abapeyinti, kunye nabayili befashoni kufuneka babe nakho ukubona imibala ngokuchanekileyo.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho okanye ingcali yamehlo ukuba ucinga ukuba (okanye umntwana wakho) unokuba nemfama.

Ukusilela kombala; Ubumfama - umbala

UBaldwin AN, uRobson AG, uMoore AT, uDuncan JL.Ukungaqheleki kwentonga kunye nomsebenzi wekhowuni. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 46.

Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Isibonelelo TR. Ophthalmology. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 17.

IiWiggs JL. Imfuza yemfuza yeziphazamiso ezikhethiweyo zeoyile. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 1.2.