Uveitis

Uveitis ukudumba nokudumba kwe-uvea. I-uvea ngumaleko ophakathi wodonga lweliso. I-uvea ibonelela ngegazi kwi-iris ngaphambili kweliso kunye ne-retina ngasemva kweliso.

I-Uveitis inokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka komzimba. Ezi zifo zenzeka xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela kwaye atshabalalise izicwili zomzimba ezisempilweni ngempazamo. Imizekelo yile:

• I-Ankylosing spondylitis
• Isifo se-behcet
• Unyango
• Isifo samathambo esisebenzayo
• Irheumatoid Arthritis
• I-Sarcoidosis
• Ukudumba okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi

Isifo seUveitis sinokubangelwa zizifo ezifana:

• UGawulayo
• ICytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
• Usulelo lwe-Herpes zoster
• Imbali
• Isifo seKawasaki
• Igcushuwa
• Toxoplasmosis
• Isifo sephepha

Ukuvezwa kwetyhefu okanye ukwenzakala kunokubangela uveitis. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oyena nobangela awaziwa.

Rhoqo ukudumba kunqunyelwe kwinxalenye kuphela ye-uvea. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-uveitis lubandakanya ukuvuvukala kwe-iris, ngaphambili kwinqanaba leso. Kule meko, imeko ibizwa ngokuba yi-iritis. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwenzeka kubantu abasempilweni. Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela iso linye kuphela. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abancinci nabaphakathi.

I-posterior uveitis ichaphazela indawo engemva kweso. Kubandakanya ikakhulu i-choroid. Olu luhlu lwemithambo yegazi kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo kumaleko aphakathi kweliso. Olu hlobo lwe-uveitis lubizwa ngokuba yi-choroiditis. Ukuba i-retina nayo iyabandakanyeka, ibizwa ngokuba yi-chorioretinitis.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-uveitis yi-par planitis. Ukudumba kwenzeka kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yipars plana, ebekwe phakathi kwe-iris kunye ne-choroid. Iimpawu zeparsitis zihlala zivela kubafana. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayihambelani nasiphi na esinye isifo. Nangona kunjalo, inokudibaniswa nesifo seCrohn kwaye mhlawumbi ne-multiple sclerosis.

I-Uveitis inokuchaphazela elinye okanye omabini amehlo. Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala le-uvea elidumbileyo. Iimpawu zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Umbono omfiliba
• Amnyama, ajikelezayo amabala embonweni
• Intlungu yamehlo
• Ubomvu wamehlo
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuthatha imbali yezonyango epheleleyo kwaye enze uvavanyo lwamehlo. Uvavanyo lwelebhu lunokwenziwa ukuthintela usulelo okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25 kwaye une-pars planitis, umboneleli wakho uya kuphakamisa ingqondo kunye nomqolo we-MRI. Oku kuya kulawula i-multiple sclerosis.

I-Iritis kunye ne-irido-cyclitis (i-uveitis yangaphakathi) ihlala ithambile. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Iiglasi ezimnyama
• Amaconsi wamehlo ahlaziya umfundi ukunciphisa iintlungu
• Wamehlo Steroid

Iipars planitis zihlala ziphathwa ngamaconsi wamehlo e-steroid. Amanye amayeza, kubandakanya i-steroids ethathwe ngomlomo, anokusetyenziselwa ukunceda amajoni omzimba.

Unyango lwe-posterior uveitis luxhomekeke kwisizathu esingunobangela. Iphantse ibandakanya ii-steroids ezithathwe ngomlomo.

Ukuba i-uveitis ibangelwa kukusuleleka komzimba (systemic), unokufumana i-antibiotics. Unokunikwa amayeza anamandla okulwa nokudumba abizwa ngokuba yi-corticosteroids. Ngamanye amaxesha iintlobo ezithile zamachiza athintela ukosuleleka komzimba zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sokuqhinwa.

Ngonyango olululo, uhlaselo oluninzi lwe-uveitis engaphandle luhamba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ihlala ibuya.

I-posterior uveitis ingahlala kwiinyanga ukuya kwiminyaka. Inokubangela ukonakala kombono ngokusisigxina, kwanonyango.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Iimpawu
• Ulwelo ngaphakathi kwiretina
• Iglaucoma
• Umfundi ongekho mgaqweni
• I-Retinal detachment
• Ukulahleka kombono

Iimpawu ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo zezi:

• Intlungu yamehlo
• Ukunciphisa umbono

Ukuba unesifo somzimba (systemic) okanye isifo, ukunyanga imeko kunokuthintela i-uveitis.

Iritis; Iiparsitis; Ichoroiditis; UChorioretinitis; Ngaphambili uveitis; I-uveitis yangasemva; Iridocyclitis

• Iliso
• Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo

Iwebhusayithi yaseAmerican Academy yeOphthalmology. Unyango lwe-uveitis. eyewiki.aao.org/Unyango_we_Uveitis. Ukuhlaziywa ngoDisemba 16, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoSeptemba 15, 2020.

UCioffi GA, uLiebmann JM. Izifo zenkqubo yokubonakalayo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 395.

UDurand ML. Unobangela osulelayo we-uveitis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 115.

Molweni mna, Chan CC. Iindlela ze-uveitis. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 7.2.

Funda iRW. Indlela ngokubanzi kwisigulana se-uveitis kunye nezicwangciso zonyango. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahl 7.3.