Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-basal ganglia

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-basal ganglia yingxaki kubunzulu bobuchwephesha obukunceda ukuqala nokulawula intshukumo.

Iimeko ezibangela ukwenzakala kwengqondo zinokonakalisa i-basal ganglia. Ezi meko zibandakanya:

• Ityhefu yecarbon monoxide
• Libanda, iziyobisi
• Ukwenzakala entloko
• Usulelo
• Isifo sesibindi
• Iingxaki zeMetabolic
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Ityhefu ngobhedu, imanganizi, okanye ezinye izinyithi ezinzima
• Ukubetha
• Amathumba

Unobangela oqhelekileyo wezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo kukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-schizophrenia.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuninzi kunxulunyaniswa nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-basal ganglia. Ziquka:

• I-Dystonia (iingxaki zethoni yezihlunu)
• Isifo i-Huntington (ingxaki apho iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho zilahleka, okanye zonakala)
• Inkqubo ye-atrophy ye-Multiple (ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-nervous system)
• Isifo seParkinson
• Progressive supranuclear palsy (intshukumo yokuphazamiseka kumonakalo kwiiseli ezithile zemithambo-luvo kwingqondo)
• Isifo sikaWilson (ukuphazamiseka okubangela ubhedu oluninzi kwizicwili zomzimba)

Ukonakala kweeseli ze-basal ganglia kunokubangela iingxaki ekulawuleni intetho, ukuhamba kunye nokuma. Olu dibaniso lweempawu lubizwa ngokuba yi-parkinsonism.

Umntu one-basal ganglia dysfunction unokuba nobunzima ukuqala, ukumisa, okanye ukugcina intshukumo. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni yeyiphi indawo yengqondo echaphazelekayo, kusenokubakho iingxaki kwimemori kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokucinga.

Ngokubanzi, iimpawu ziyahluka kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Utshintsho lwentshukumo, njengokuhamba okungazibandakanyi okanye okuhamba kancinci
• Ukwanda kwethoni yemisipha
• Ukudumba kwemisipha kunye nokuqina kwemisipha
• Iingxaki zokufumana amagama
• Ukungcangcazela
• Ukungalawuleki, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiweyo, intetho, okanye ukukhala (tics)
• Ubunzima bokuhamba

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu kunye nembali yezonyango.

Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nemifanekiso lunokufuneka. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• I-CT kunye neMRI yentloko
• Uvavanyo lwemfuzo
• I-Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) ukujonga imithambo yegazi entanyeni kunye nengqondo
• I-Positron emission tomography (PET) ukujonga imetabolism yengqondo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga iswekile yegazi, ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, ukusebenza kwesibindi, kunye neentsimbi kunye namanqanaba obhedu

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuphazamiseka.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ezinye izizathu zibuyela umva, ngelixa ezinye zifuna unyango lobomi bonke.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na intshukumo engaqhelekanga okanye engazibandakanyiyo, uwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo, okanye ukuba wena okanye abanye uqaphele ukuba uyangcangcazela okanye uyacotha.

Isifo se-extrapyramidal; I-Antipsychotics -i-extrapyramidal

Isifo sikaJankovic J. Parkinson kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuhamba. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 96.

Okun MS, uLang AE. Ezinye iingxaki zokuhamba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 382.

UVestal E, uRusher A, u-Ikeda K, uMelnick M. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-basal nuclei. Ku: Lazaro RT, Reina-Guerra SG, Quiben MU, ii-eds. Ukuvuselelwa kweNeurological ka-Umphred. Umhla wesi-7. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 18.