Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-Retinal

Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-Retinal kukuvaleka kweminye yeethambo ezincinci ezihambisa igazi kwi-retina. Iretina ngumaleko wethishu ngasemva kweliso okwaziyo ukujonga ukukhanya.

Imithambo ye-Retinal inokuthintelwa xa i-clot yegazi okanye iidipozithi ezinamafutha zixinga kwimithambo. Ezi zithintelo zinokwenzeka ukuba kukho ukuqina kwemithambo (i-atherosclerosis) elisweni.

Amahlwili anokuhamba asuka kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye avimbe umthambo kwi-retina. Imithombo eqhelekileyo yamahlwili yintliziyo kunye ne-carotid artery entanyeni.

Uninzi lwee-blockages zenzeka kubantu abaneemeko ezinje:

• Isifo somthambo weCarotid, apho imithambo yegazi emikhulu entanyeni iyancipha okanye ivaleke
• Seswekile
• Ingxaki yesingqisho senhliziyo (i-fibrillation ye-atrial)
• Ingxaki yevalvu yentliziyo
• Amanqanaba aphezulu enqatha egazini (hyperlipidemia)
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi
• I-arteritis yokwexeshana (ukonakala kwimithambo ngenxa yempendulo yomzimba)

Ukuba isebe lomthambo we-retina livaliwe, inxenye yeretina ayinakufumana gazi kunye neoksijini eyaneleyo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ungaphulukana nenxalenye yombono wakho.

Ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza okanye ukulahleka kombono kunokwenzeka kwi:

• Lonke iliso elinye (ukugcinwa kwemithambo esembindini we-retinal okanye i-CRAO)
• Inxalenye yeliso elinye (isebe lokubuyisa i-retinal artery okanye i-BRAO)

Ukuvaleka komthambo we-retinal kungagcina imizuzwana embalwa okanye imizuzu, okanye kunokuhlala ngokusisigxina.

Igazi elivale iliso linokuba luphawu lwesilumkiso samahlwili akwezinye iindawo. Ukugquma kwengqondo kunokubangela ukubetha.

Uvavanyo lokuvavanya i-retina lunokubandakanya:

• Uviwo lwe-retina emva kokunciphisa umfundi
• I-fluorescein angiography
• Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi
• Impendulo yomfundi
• Ukutsala
• Ukufotwa kweRetinal
• Sika uviwo lwesibane
• Ukuvavanywa kombono osecaleni (uviwo lwentsimi ebonakalayo)
• Ubunzima bokubonakalayo

Uvavanyo ngokubanzi kufuneka lubandakanye:

• Ifuthe legazi
• Uvavanyo lwegazi, kubandakanya amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglyceride kunye ne-erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• Uvavanyo lomzimba

Uvavanyo lokuchonga umthombo wehlwili kwelinye ilungu lomzimba:

• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram
• Imonitha yentliziyo yesingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• I-Duplex Doppler ultrasound yemithambo ye-carotid

Akukho lonyango luqinisekisiweyo lokulahleka kombono olubandakanya iliso lonke, ngaphandle kokuba kubangelwa sesinye isifo esinokunyangwa.

Unyango oluninzi lunokuzama. Ukuze ube luncedo, olu nyango kufuneka lunikezwe kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokuba iimpawu ziqale. Nangona kunjalo, isibonelelo sonyango asikaze singqinwe, kwaye kunqabile ukuba sisetyenziswe.

• Ukuphefumla (ukusezela) umxube we-carbon dioxide-oksijini. Olu nyango lubangela ukuba imithambo ye-retina yandiswe.
• Ukuphululwa kwamehlo.
• Ukususwa kolwelo ngaphakathi kwamehlo. Ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti ukukhupha isixa esincinci samanzi ngaphambili kwamehlo. Oku kubangela ukwehla ngesiquphe koxinzelelo lwamehlo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela ukuba ihlwili liye kumthambo wesebe omncinci apho unokubangela umonakalo omncinci.
• Iyeza lokuqhekeza, isicwili seplasminogen activator (tPA).

Umboneleli wezempilo kufuneka ajonge unobangela wokuvaleka. Ukuthintelwa kunokuba yimiqondiso yengxaki yezonyango esongela ubomi.

Abantu abanee-blockages ze-retinal artery abanakubuyiswa umbono wabo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• I-Glaucoma (CRAO kuphela)
• Ukuphulukana okungaphelelanga okanye okupheleleyo kombono kwiliso elichaphazelekayo
• Ukubetha (ngenxa yezinto ezifanayo ezinegalelo ekubambeni komthambo we-retinal, hayi ngenxa yokuzibandakanya ngokwakho

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uye waphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza okanye waphulukana nombono.

Amanyathelo asetyenziselwa ukukhusela ezinye izifo ze-vascular (vascular) izifo, ezinjenge-coronary disease, zinganciphisa umngcipheko we-retinal artery occlusion. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ukutya ukutya okunamafutha asezantsi
• Ukuzivocavoca
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya
• Ukwehla kobunzima ukuba utyebile

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukucocwa kwegazi kunokusetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-artery ekubeni iphinde ivaleke. I-Aspirin okanye ezinye iziyobisi ezichasayo zisetyenziswa ukuba ingxaki ikwiiroto ze-carotid. I-Warfarin okanye ezinye izinto ezinamandla ngakumbi zokucoca igazi zisetyenziswa ukuba ingxaki isentliziyweni.

Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo esembindini; I-CRAO; Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yesebe; IBRAO; Umbono wokuphulukana nomthambo; Umbono ongacacanga-ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal

• Iretina

UCioffi GA, uLiebmann JM. Izifo zenkqubo yokubonakalayo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 395.

Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Isibonelelo TR.Ophthalmology. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 17.

Umlawuli JS, uMlawuli JS. Ukuphazamiseka kwethambo lomthambo. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahl. 6.

Patel PS, uSadda SR. Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-Retinal. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 54.

Isalmon JF. Isifo se-vascular retinal. Ku: Isalmon JF, ed. I-Ophthalmology yeklinikhi yaseKanski. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 13.