Isifo se-Ebola

I-Ebola sisifo esibi kwaye esihlala sibulalayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Iimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, urhudo, ukugabha, ukopha, kwaye rhoqo nokufa.

I-Ebola inokwenzeka ebantwini nakwezinye izilwanyana (iigorila, iinkawu kunye neetshimpanzi).

Ukuqhambuka kwe-Ebola eNtshona Afrika okwaqala ngo-Matshi 2014 yayisesona sifo sikhulu sosasazekayo esibulalayo kwimbali. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-40 zabantu abaphuhlise i-Ebola kwesi sifo safa.

Intsholongwane ibeka umngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu kubantu baseMelika.

Olona lwazi luhlaziyiweyo, nceda undwendwele iZiko loLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) iwebhusayithi: www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola.

APHO KWENZEKA khona I-EBOLA

I-Ebola yafunyanwa kwi-1976 kufutshane ne-Ebola River kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Ukusukela ngoko, kwaqhambuka iindawo ezimbalwa eAfrika. Ukuqhambuka kowe-2014 yeyona inkulu. Amazwe achaphazeleke kakhulu kolu hlaselo aquka:

• Gini
• Layibheriya
• Sira Liyoni

I-Ebola ibichazwe ngaphambili kwi:

• Nayijeriya
• Senego
• Speyin
• eunited States
• Mali
• iunited Kingdom
• ElamaTaliyane

Kwakukho abantu abane abafunyaniswe ukuba bane-Ebola eMelika. Amabini ayengeniswe kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye amabini afumana esi sifo emva kokukhathalela isigulana se-Ebola eMelika. Indoda enye ibulewe sesi sifo. Abanye abathathu bachacha kwaye abanazimpawu zesi sifo.

Nge-Agasti ka-2018, uqhambuko olutsha lwe-Ebola lwenzeka kwi-Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ukuqhambuka kuyaqhubeka okwangoku.

Ngolwazi lwamva nje malunga noku kuqhambuka kunye ne-Ebola ngokubanzi, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yeWorld Health Organisation apha www.who.int/health-topics/ebola.

INDLELA I-EBOLA EGALELAYO

I-Ebola ayisasazeki ngokulula njengezifo ezixhaphakileyo ezinjengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye imasisi. Nantsi lapho HAYI ubungqina bokuba intsholongwane ebangela i-Ebola isasazeka emoyeni okanye emanzini. Umntu one-Ebola AKANAKHO ukusasaza esi sifo de kuvele iimpawu.

I-Ebola inokusasazeka KUPHELA phakathi kwabantu ngokuthi ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nolwelo lomzimba olosulelekileyo kubandakanya kodwa kungaphelelanga kumchamo, amathe, ukubila, ilindle, ukugabha, ubisi lwebele kunye nencindi yobudoda Intsholongwane inokungena emzimbeni ngekhefu eluswini okanye kwiimbumba ezinomlomo, kubandakanya amehlo, impumlo kunye nomlomo.

I-Ebola inokusasazeka ngokudibana nayo nayiphi na indawo, izinto kunye nezinto ezinxibelelana nolwelo lomzimba oluvela kumntu ogulayo, njenge:

• Iingubo zokulala kunye neebhedi
• Impahla
• Iibhendi
• Iinaliti kunye neesirinji
• Izixhobo zonyango

E-Afrika, i-Ebola inokusasazeka ngo:

• Ukuphatha izilwanyana zasendle ezosulelekileyo ezizingelwa ukutya (bushmeat)
• Ukudibana negazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba lwezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo
• Nxibelelana namalulwane osulelekileyo

I-Ebola ayihambi nge:

• Umoya
• Amanzi
• Ukutya
• Izinambuzane (iingcongconi)

Abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nabantu abakhathalela izihlobo zabo ezigulayo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula kwe-Ebola kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bangene ekunxibelelaneni ngqo namanzi omzimba. Ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokukhusela i-PPE kuwunciphisa kakhulu lomngcipheko.

Ixesha eliphakathi kokubhencwa kunye nalapho kwenzeka khona iimpawu (ixesha lokufukama) ziintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-21. Ngokomndilili, iimpawu zikhula kwiintsuku ezisi-8 ukuya kwezi-10.

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-Ebola zibandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-101.5 ° F (38.6 ° C)
• Ukugodola
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Intlungu yezihlunu
• Ubuthathaka
• Ukudinwa
• Irhashalala
• Intlungu yesisu (esiswini)
• Urhudo
• Ukuhlanza

Iimpawu zokugqibela zibandakanya:

• Ukopha emlonyeni kunye nakwingqameko
• Ukopha emehlweni, ezindlebeni, nasempumlweni
• Ukungaphumeleli komzimba

Umntu ongenazo iimpawu kwiintsuku ezingama-21 emva kokubhencwa kwi-Ebola akazukukhula esi sifo.

Akukho lunyango lonyango lwe-Ebola. Izonyango zonyango zisetyenzisiwe, kodwa akukho nanye evavanywe ngokupheleleyo ukubona ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zikhuselekile.

Abantu abane-Ebola mabanyangwe esibhedlele. Apho, banokubekwa bodwa ukuze isifo singasasazeki. Ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo baya kunyanga iimpawu zesi sifo.

Unyango lwe-Ebola luxhasa kwaye lubandakanya:

• Ulwelo olunikwa ngomthambo (IV)
• Ioksijini
• Ulawulo lwexinzelelo lwegazi
• Unyango lwezinye izifo
• Utofelo-gazi

Ukusinda kuxhomekeke kwindlela amajoni omzimba omntu asabela ngayo kwintsholongwane. Umntu naye unokuba nakho ukusinda ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo.

Abantu abasindayo kwi-Ebola bakhuselekile kwintsholongwane iminyaka eli-10 okanye nangaphezulu. Abasakwazi ukusasaza i-Ebola. Ayaziwa nokuba banokusuleleka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-Ebola. Nangona kunjalo, amadoda asindayo angayiphatha intsholongwane ye-Ebola kwimbewu yabo kangangeenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-9. Kuya kufuneka bayeke ukwabelana ngesondo okanye basebenzise iikhondom kangangeenyanga ezili-12 okanye de amadlozi abo avavanywe kabini ukuba awunayo.

Iingxaki zexesha elide zinokubandakanya iingxaki zokudibana kunye nombono.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba ukhe waya eNtshona Afrika kwaye:

• Yazi ufumene isifo se-Ebola
• Uba neempawu zokuphazamiseka, kubandakanya nomkhuhlane

Ukufumana unyango kwangoko kunokuphucula amathuba okusinda.

Iyeza lokugonya (i-Ervebo) liyafumaneka ukuthintela isifo se-Ebola kubantu abahlala kumazwe asemngciphekweni omkhulu. Ukuba uceba ukuya kwelinye lamazwe apho i-Ebola ikhona, i-CDC icebisa ukuthatha la manyathelo alandelayo ukunqanda ukugula:

• Ziqhelanise nococeko. Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi okanye isicoci sezandla esisesotywala. Kuphephe ukudibana negazi kunye nolwelo lomzimba.
• Kuphephe ukudibana nabantu abanomkhuhlane, abagabayo, okanye ababonakala begula.
• Musa ukuphatha izinto ezinokudibana negazi lomntu osulelekileyo okanye ulwelo lomzimba. Oku kubandakanya iimpahla, izinto zokulala, iinaliti kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
• Kulumkele umngcwabo okanye amasiko okungcwaba afuna ukuphatha umzimba womntu osweleke ngenxa ye-Ebola.
• Kulumkele ukunxibelelana namalulwane kunye neenyamakazi ezingezizo ezomntu okanye igazi, ulwelo kunye nenyama eluhlaza ekhutshwe kwezi zilwanyana.
• Ziphephe izibhedlele eNtshona Afrika apho kunyangwa khona izigulana ze-Ebola. Ukuba ufuna unyango, i-ambassy yase-United States okanye i-consulate ihlala ikwazi ukubonelela ngeengcebiso malunga namaziko.
• Emva kokuba ubuyile, nikela ingqalelo kwimpilo yakho kangangeentsuku ezingama-21. Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba uvelisa iimpawu ze-Ebola, ezifana nomkhuhlane. Xelela umboneleli ukuba ubekho kwilizwe apho i-Ebola ikhoyo.

Abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo abanokuthi babonakale kubantu abane-Ebola kufuneka balandele la manyathelo:

• Gqoka iPPE, kubandakanya iimpahla zokuzikhusela, kubandakanya iimaski, iiglavu, iigawuni kunye nokukhuselwa kwamehlo.
• Ziqhelanise nolawulo losuleleko olufanelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yokubulala iintsholongwane.
• Khetha abaguli abane-Ebola kwezinye izigulana.
• Kuphephe ukunxibelelana ngqo nemizimba yabantu abasweleke ngenxa ye-Ebola.
• Yazisa amagosa ezempilo ukuba uye wanxibelelana ngqo negazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba lomntu ogula yi-Ebola.

Umkhuhlane wokopha kwe-Ebola; Usulelo lwentsholongwane ye-Ebola; Umkhuhlane wentsholongwane; Ebola

• Intsholongwane ye-Ebola
• Iintsholongwane

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-Ebola (isifo seNtsholongwane ye-Ebola). www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 5, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 15, 2019.

UGeisbert TW. Intsholongwane egazini iMarburg kunye ne-Ebola. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 164.

Umbutho wezeMpilo kwiHlabathi liphela. Isifo se-Ebola. www.who.int/health-topics/ebola. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 2019. Kufikeleleke ngoNovemba 15, 2019.