I-Leishmaniasis

I-Leishmaniasis sisifo esosulelayo esisasazwa kukulunywa yintlanzi yesanti.

ILeishmaniasis ibangelwa yincukuthu ekuthiwa yi-leishmania protozoa. Iprotozoa zizinto ezineseli enye.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-leishmaniasis zezi:

• I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo ichaphazela ulusu kunye nenwebu yangaphakathi. Izilonda zolusu zihlala ziqala kwindawo yokulunywa yintlanzi. Kubantu abambalwa, izilonda zinokuphuma kwiimbumba ezinamaqhekeza.
• Inkqubo, okanye i-visceral, leishmaniasis ichaphazela umzimba uphela. Le fomu ivela kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-8 emva kokuba umntu elunywe yintlanzi. Uninzi lwabantu alukhumbuli lunesikhumba esikrakra. Le fomu inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezibulalayo. Izidleleli zonakalisa amajoni omzimba ngokunciphisa inani leeseli ezilwa nezifo.

Amatyala e-leishmaniasis axelwe kuwo onke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Australia ne-Antarctica. Kumazwe aseMelika, esi sifo sinokufumaneka eMexico naseMzantsi Merika. Kuye kwaxelwa kwimikhosi yasemkhosini ebuya kwiPersian Gulf.

Iimpawu ze-leishmaniasis ezinqamlezileyo zixhomekeka apho izilonda zikhona kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima
• Izilonda zolusu, ezinokuba sisilonda solusu esiphilisa ngokuthe chu
• Impumlo egobileyo, impumlo egobileyo, kunye neempumlo zeempumlo
• Ukuginya ubunzima
• Izilonda kunye nokunxiba (ukhukuliseko) emlonyeni, ulwimi, iintsini, imilebe, impumlo, kunye nempumlo yangaphakathi

Usulelo lwe-visceral systemic ebantwaneni luqala ngesiquphe nge:

• Khohlela
• Urhudo
• Ifiva
• Ukuhlanza

Abantu abadala bahlala benomkhuhlane kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-2, kunye neempawu ezinje ngokudinwa, ubuthathaka, kunye nelahleko lokutya. Ubuthathaka buyanda njengoko esi sifo siba mandundu.

Ezinye iimpawu zenkqubo ye-visceral leishmaniasis inokubandakanya:

• Ukungahambi kakuhle esiswini
• Umkhuhlane oqhubeka iiveki; inokuza kwaye ihambe ngemijikelezo
• Ukubila ebusuku
• I-Scaly, grey, mnyama, isikhumba somlotha
• Izinwele ezibhityileyo
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo uyakukuvavanya kwaye ufumanise ukuba udakada, isibindi kunye ne-lymph node zandisiwe. Uya kubuzwa ukuba uyakhumbula na xa ulunywa ziisanti okanye ukuba ukhe waba kwindawo apho i-leishmaniasis ixhaphakile.

Iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zenziwe ukufumanisa imeko zibandakanya:

• I-Biopsy yepeni kunye nenkcubeko
• Umongo wethambo kunye nenkcubeko
• Ukuvavanywa ngokuthe ngqo kokuhlangana
• Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwe-antiofluorescent antibody
• Uvavanyo lwe-PCR olukhethekileyo lweLeishmania
• I-biopsy yesibindi kunye nenkcubeko
• I-lymph node biopsy kunye nenkcubeko
• Uvavanyo lolusu lwaseMontenegro (aluvunywanga eMelika)
• Ulusu lwe-biopsy kunye nenkcubeko

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lweSerologic
• Isalum albumin
• Amanqanaba eSerum immunoglobulin
• Iprotheni yeSerum

Iikhompawundi eziqulathe iAntimony ngamayeza aphambili asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-leishmaniasis. Oku kubandakanya:

• Meglumine antimoniate
• Isodium stibogluconate

Amanye amayeza anokusetyenziswa abandakanya:

• Amphotericin B
• Ketoconazole
• Imiltefosine
• IParomomycin
• IPentamidine

Utyando lweplastiki lunokufuneka ukulungisa ukubonakala komzimba okubangelwa zizilonda ebusweni (leishmaniasis esisikiweyo).

Amanqanaba onyango aphakamileyo ngamayeza afanelekileyo, ngakumbi xa unyango luqalisiwe ngaphambi kokuba luchaphazele amajoni omzimba. I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo inokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okubi.

Ukufa kuhlala kubangelwa ziingxaki (njengolunye usulelo), endaweni yesifo ngokwaso. Ukufa kuhlala kwenzeka kwisithuba seminyaka emibini.

ILeishmaniasis inokukhokelela koku kulandelayo:

• Ukopha (ukopha)
• Izifo ezibulalayo ngenxa yomonakalo womzimba
• Ukonakala kobuso

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba uneempawu ze-leishmaniasis emva kokundwendwela indawo apho isifo saziwa khona.

Ukuthatha amanyathelo okuphepha ukulunywa sisandfly kunokunceda ukuthintela i-leishmaniasis:

• Ukubeka umnatha ocoliweyo ecaleni kwebhedi (kwiindawo apho isifo sivela khona)
• Ukuhlola iifestile
• Ukunxiba izinto ezigxotha izinambuzane
• Ukunxiba impahla ekhuselayo

Amanyathelo ezempilo oluntu okunciphisa iisandwich zibalulekile. Akukho zitofu okanye amayeza athintela i-leishmaniasis.

IKala-azar; I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo; Leishmaniasis ebonakalayo; Ihlabathi elidala leishmaniasis; Ihlabathi elitsha leishmaniasis

• I-Leishmaniasis
• Leishmaniasis, mexicana - isilonda esidleleni
• I-Leishmaniasis emnweni
• ILeishmania panamensis elunyaweni
• Leishmania panamensis -ukusondela

UAronons NE, uCopeland NK, uMagill AJ. Iintlobo zeLeishmania: i-visceral (kala-azar), i-cutaneous, kunye ne-mucosal leishmaniasis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: isahluko 275.

IBogitsh BJ, uCarter CE, u-Oeltmann TN. Amachaphaza egazi kunye neethishu I: hemoflagellates. Ku: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, ii-eds. IParasitology yoLuntu. Umhla we-5. ILondon, e-UK: Elsevier Academic Press; I-2019: isahluko 6.