Ukuthintitha

Ukuthintitha kukuphazamiseka kwentetho apho izandi, iisilabhili, okanye amagama aphindaphindiweyo okanye ahlala ixesha elide kunesiqhelo. Ezi ngxaki zibangela ikhefu ekuhambeni kwentetho ebizwa ngokuba kukungakhathali.

Ukuthintitha kuhlala kuchaphazela abantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 kwaye kuxhaphake kakhulu kubafana. Inokuhlala iiveki ezininzi ukuya kwiminyaka eliqela.

Inani elincinci labantwana, ukuthintitha akupheli kwaye kunokuba kubi ngakumbi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuthintitha okuphuhlisayo kwaye lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokuthintitha.

Ukuthintitha kuhlala kuqhuba kwiintsapho. Imfuza ebangela ukuthintitha ichongiwe.

Kukwakho nobungqina bokuba ukuthintitha sisiphumo sokwenzakala kwengqondo, njengokuhlaselwa sistroke okanye ukonzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuthintitha kubangelwa kukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo (okubizwa ngokuba kukuthintitha kwengqondo).

Ukuthintitha kuyaqhubeka nokuba mdala ngakumbi emakhwenkweni kunakwamantombazana.

Ukuthintitha kunokuqala ngokuphindaphinda amagama (k, g, t). Ukuba ukuthintitha kuya kusiba kubi, amagama kunye namabinzana ayaphindaphindwa.

Emva kwexesha, ukukhula kwamagama kuyakhula. Kukho isandi esinyanzelekileyo, esiphantse ukuba siqhume kwintetho. Umntu usenokubonakala ngathi kunzima ukuthetha.

Uxinzelelo lweemeko zentlalo kunye noxinzelelo kunokwenza ukuba iimpawu zibembi.

Iimpawu zokuthintitha zinokubandakanya:

• Ndiziva ndikhathazekile xa ndizama ukunxibelelana

• Ukuphumla okanye ukuthandabuza xa uqala okanye ngexesha lezivakalisi, amabinzana, okanye amagama, rhoqo ngemilebe kunye
• Ukubeka (ukuthintela) izandi ezongezelelweyo okanye amagama ("Siye e ... uh ... ivenkile")
• Ukuphinda izandi, amagama, iinxalenye zamagama, okanye amabinzana ("Ndifuna ... Ndifuna unodoli wam," "Ndi ... Ndiyakubona," okanye "Ca-ca-ca-can")
• Uxinzelelo kwilizwi
• Izandi ezinde kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamagama ("NdinguBooooobbbby Jones" okanye "uLlllllllike")

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubonakala ngokuthintitha zibandakanya:

• Amehlo aqhwanyazayo
• Ukujija kwentloko okanye amanye amalungu omzimba
• Umhlathi uyajija
• Inqindi elibambayo

Abantwana abanokuthintitha okuthobekileyo badla ngokungazi ngokuthintitha kwabo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, abantwana banokuqonda ngakumbi. Ukuhamba kobuso, unxunguphalo, kunye nokuthintitha okwandayo kunokwenzeka xa becelwa ukuba bathethe.

Abanye abantu bathintitha xa befunda ngokuvakalayo okanye xa becula.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kubuza malunga nembali yonyango kunye nophuhliso lomntwana wakho, njengaxa umntwana wakho eqale ukuthintitha kunye nokuhamba kwayo rhoqo. Umboneleli uya kujonga kwakhona:

• Ukutyibilika kwentetho
• Naluphi na uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo
• Nayiphi na imeko engaphantsi
• Iziphumo zokuthintitha kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Akukho vavanyo luhlala ludingeka. Ukuchongwa kokuthintitha kunokufuna ukubonisana nengcali yezifo yokuthetha.

Akukho nyango lulungileyo lokuthintitha. Uninzi lweziganeko zokuqala zexesha elifutshane kwaye zisonjululwa zodwa.

Unyango lwentetho lunokuba luncedo ukuba:

• Ukuthintitha kuhlale ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6, okanye intetho "evaliweyo" ihlala imizuzwana eliqela
• Umntwana ubonakala esokola xa ethintitha, okanye eneentloni
• Kukho imbali yosapho yokuthintitha

Unyango lwentetho lunokunceda ukwenza intetho icace gca okanye igudise.

Bayakhuthazwa abazali ukuba:

• Kulumkele ukuvakalisa inkxalabo enkulu malunga nokuthintelwa, okunokwenza izinto zibe mbi nangakumbi ngokwenza ukuba umntwana aziqonde ngakumbi.
• Ziphephe iimeko zoxinzelelo loluntu xa kunokwenzeka.
• Mphulaphule ngomonde umntwana, ujongane naye emehlweni, ungamphazamisi, kwaye ubonise uthando nokwamkela. Kulumkele ukugqibezela izivakalisi kubo.
• Bekela bucala ixesha lokuncokola.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo malunga nokuthintelwa xa umntwana ekuzisa kuwe. Bazise ukuba uyaluqonda unxunguphalo lwabo.
• Thetha nengcali yezokuthetha malunga nokuba ulungise ngobunono ukuthintitha.

Ukuthatha amayeza akuboniswanga ukuba kuluncedo ukuthintitha.

Akucaci ukuba izixhobo ze-elektroniki ziyanceda ekuthintitheni.

Amaqela okuzinceda ahlala eluncedo kubo bobabini umntwana kunye nosapho.

Le mibutho ilandelayo ingumthombo wolwazi malunga nokuthintitha nonyango lwayo:

• IZiko laseMelika loKuthintitha -ukuthintitha.org
• ABAHLOBO: Umbutho weSizwe waBantu abaDala abaGungxayo- www.friendswhostutter.org
• Isiseko sokuthintitha- www.stutteringhelp.org
• Umbutho weSizwe wokuGxotha (NSA) - westutter.org

Uninzi lwabantwana abathintithayo, isigaba sidlula kwaye intetho ibuyela esiqhelweni kwisithuba seminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-4. Ukuthintitha kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqhubeke nokuba mdala ukuba:

• Iyaqhubeka ngaphezulu konyaka omnye
• Umntwana uyathintitha emva kweminyaka eyi-6
• Umntwana unengxaki yokuthetha okanye yolwimi

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zokuthintitha zibandakanya iingxaki ekuhlaleni ezibangelwa luloyiko lokuhlekiswa, ezinokwenza umntwana ukuba aphephe ukuthetha ngokupheleleyo.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Ukuthintitha kuphazamisa umsebenzi wesikolo somntwana wakho okanye ukukhula kwengqondo.
• Umntwana ubonakala enexhala okanye eneentloni ngokuthetha.
• Iimpawu zihlala ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela ukuthintitha. Inokuncitshiswa ngokuthetha kancinci nangokulawula iimeko zoxinzelelo.

Abantwana kunye nokuthintitha; Ukungahambi kakuhle kwintetho; Ukuthintitha; Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ebuntwaneni; Ukuxinana; Izinto ezihambelana nomzimba

IZiko leLizwe leZithulu kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka koNxibelelwano. Iphepha leNIDCD: ukuthintitha. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/stuttering. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 6, 2017. Kufumaneka ngoJanuwari 30, 2020.

Iimpawu zeMD. Ukuphuhliswa kolwimi kunye nokuphazamiseka konxibelelwano. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 52.

Umqeqeshi weDA, uNass RD. Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi. Ku: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, ii-eds. I-Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 53.