Konke malunga nokusisigxina kwento kunye nosana lwakho

Umxholo

• Yintoni into esisigxina?
• Kwenzeka nini?
• Zama ukungakhathazeki
• Ubungqingqwa bobukrelekrele bethiyori kaPiaget
• Uvavanyo lophando olunxulumene nokusisigxina kwento
• Icala elinzima ngakumbi lesisigxina sento: ukwahlula uxinzelelo
• Imidlalo ongayidlala kweli nqanaba
• Sithandwa esiphezulu
• Fihla ufumane
• Imidlalo engakumbi: Yintoni ibhokisi yesigxina?
• Ukuthatha

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Yintoni into esisigxina?

Isenokuvakala ngathi iklinikhi encinci, kodwa into esisigxina yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuphuhliso olonwabisayo kunye nomncinci wakho. Ngamafutshane, into esisigxina ithetha ukuba umntwana wakho uyaqonda ukuba izinto abangaziboni- wena, indebe yabo, isilwanyana sasekhaya-zisekhona.

Ukuba ufihla into yokudlala oyithandayo xa udlala nosana oluncinci, kwenzeka ntoni? Banokubonakala bedidekile okwexeshana okanye becaphuka kodwa emva koko bayeke ngokukhawuleza ukuyikhangela. Ngokwenene "ngaphandle kwembonakalo, ngaphandle kwengqondo."

Nje ukuba usana lwakho lubambe into ngokusisigxina, nangona kunjalo, baya kuyikhangela into yokudlala okanye bazame ukuyibuyisa-okanye baphakamise ilizwi labo ngokungoneliseki kukunyamalala kwayo. Kungenxa yokuba bayazi ukuba into yokudlala isekhona!

Ukuphuhliswa kwento esisigxina kunceda umntwana wakho ukuba afikelele kumanqwanqwa amahle ngakumbi, kubandakanya:

• ukukhula kwememori
• ukuhlola
• uzenze ngathi uyadlala
• ukufunyanwa kolwimi

Inokuchaphazela nendlela umntwana wakho asabela ngayo xa uphuma kwigumbi- iinyembezi ngesiquphe okanye isandi esaziwayo se-pterodactyl shriek? - nokuba yeyokuhamba nje ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokuhlambela.

Oku kwahluka koxinzelelo kuyinxalenye yesiqhelo yophuhliso. Ukudlala imidlalo ethile (njenge peekaboo) nosana lwakho kunokubanceda bafunde ukuba ewe, nguwe ngokuqinisekileyo ukubuya, njengokuba uhlala usenza ngaphambili.

Masiqwalasele ngokusondeleyo ukuba unganceda njani incinci njengoko bephuhlisa uluvo lwento esisigxina kwaye basebenze ngokwahlula uxinzelelo.

Kwenzeka nini?

Nje ukuba abantwana babubone ubuso (malunga neenyanga ezimbini ubudala) kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo (malunga neenyanga ezi-3), baqala ukubuqonda ubukho bezinto.

Emva koko banokuqala ukukhangela iithoyi ozifihlileyo, ukonwaba ukutyhila okanye ukuvula izinto, kwaye ukhanyise laa grin ixabisekileyo ingenamazinyo ngexesha lemidlalo efana nepeekaboo.

UJean Piaget, ugqirha wengqondo yomntwana kunye nomphandi owavula umbono wento ezisisigxina, ucebise ukuba obu buchule abuphuhlisi de umntwana abe malunga neenyanga ezisi-8 ubudala. Kodwa ngoku kuvunyelwene ngokubanzi ukuba iintsana ziqala ukuqonda ukuzinza kwento kwangethuba - kwindawo ethile phakathi kweenyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-7.

Kuya kuthatha umntwana wakho ixesha elithile ukuze avelise ngokupheleleyo lo mbono. Banokuya emva kwento yokudlala efihliweyo ngenye imini kwaye babonakale ngathi abanamdla ngengomso. Oku kuqhelekile, ngoko ungakhathazeki!

Zama ukungakhathazeki

Yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umntwana wakho afike kumanqanaba okukhula okulindelwe kakhulu kwangethuba. Ukuba kubonakala ngathi emva kwexesha, kuqhelekile ukuzibuza ukuba kutheni.

Unokuziva ukhathazekile kancinci ukuba umntwana wakho usondele kwiinyanga ezisi-8 kodwa okwangoku akabonakali ngathi into yakhe yokudlala ifihliwe phantsi kwengubo. Kodwa phumla ngokulula: Uphuhliso alwenzeki ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke umntwana, kwaye umntwana wakho uya kufikelela kweli nqanaba libalulekileyo ngexesha labo.

Kukwacetyisiwe ukuba iintsana ezingakhangeli iithoyi zazo zisenokungabi namdla kangako kwinto yokudlala. Masithembeke - uninzi lwethu luya kuguqula amakhaya ethu ajonge ezantsi sikhangele izitshixo zemoto yethu ngelixa i-joker elahlekileyo kumgangatho wamakhadi ingalifanelanga ixesha lethu.

Ukuba ukhathazekile, nangona kunjalo, ukuthetha nodokotela wabantwana bomntwana wakho kunokunceda ekunciphiseni naziphi na iinkxalabo onokuthi ube nazo ukuba umntwana wakho akakafumani nto ngokusisigxina.

Ubungqingqwa bobukrelekrele bethiyori kaPiaget

Umxholo wokuhlala ngokusisigxina uvela kwithiyori kaPiaget yophuhliso lwengqondo. UPiaget ukholelwa oku kulandelayo:

• Abantwana banokufunda ngokwabo, ngaphandle koncedo kubantu abadala okanye abanye abantwana.
• Abantwana abadingi mivuzo okanye inkuthazo yangaphandle yokufunda izinto ezintsha.
• Abantwana basebenzisa amava abo ukuphucula ulwazi lwabo lwehlabathi.

Ukusuka emsebenzini wakhe nabantwana, wayila ithiyori esekwe kwinqanaba lokuphuhla. Ukugxininiswa kwento yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinqanaba lokuqala lamanqanaba amane - isivamvo sombane iqonga. Eli nqanaba liphawula ixesha eliphakathi kokuzalwa kunye neminyaka emi-2.

Ngeli nqanaba, umntwana wakho ufunda ukwenza ulingelo kunye nokuphonononga ngokuhamba kunye nemizwa yabo, kuba abakaqondi iisimboli okanye iingcinga ezingaqondakaliyo.

Oku kuthetha ukuba kufanelekile ukugqogqa iifoto malunga, ukuwa phantsi, ukubamba nokuphosa zonke iithoyi osandula ukuzichola, kwaye ubeka yonke into abanokuyifumana emlonyeni wabo. Kodwa kulungile, kuba le nto yindlela abantwana abafunda ngayo. (Kwaye ziyiyo kanye into eyenza ukuba umakhulu ancume, ke lungela ukubamba la maxesha kwaye wabelane!)

Njengoko sele sigubungele, uPiaget wayekholelwa ekuqondeni into esisigxina eqale malunga neenyanga ezili-8. Kodwa iintsana ezininzi ziqala ukufumana le ngcamango ngaphambili. Unokuba nobungqina boku, ukuba umntwana wakho oneenyanga ezintlanu sele ebambe iithoyi ezifihliweyo!

Ezinye iingcali zigxeke ezinye iindawo zophando lukaPiaget. Wayecinga ukuba izigaba zophuhliso zenzeka kubo bonke abantwana ngaxeshanye. Kodwa ubungqina besayensi ngoku buxhasa uluvo lokuba abantwana bakhula kumaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, uphando lukaPiaget lubambe kakuhle ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye izimvo zakhe kuphuhliso zisabambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwezemfundo nakwisayikholoji.

Uvavanyo lophando olunxulumene nokusisigxina kwento

UPiaget kunye nabanye abaphandi bancedisile ukubonisa ukuba into esisigxina isebenza njani ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo zokulinga.

Olunye uvavanyo lokuqala lukaPiaget lubandakanya ukufihla iithoyi ukubona ukuba ingaba umntwana uyakuyikhangela na le nto yokudlala. UPiaget wayeza kubonisa umntwana into yokudlala aze ayigqume ngengubo.

Iintsana ezazikhangela into yokudlala zabonisa ukuba bayayiqonda into yokudlala ukuba isekhona xa bengayiboni. Iintsana ezibonakala zikhathazekile okanye zididekile zazingekaphuhlisi into ezisisigxina.

UPiaget kunye nabanye abaphandi bakwasebenzisile ukukhangela ukuba akukho nto isisigxina. Wayeza kubonisa umntwana into yokudlala, ayifihle phantsi kwebhokisi (A). Emva kokuba umntwana eyifumene into yokudlala phantsi kweBhokisi A amatyeli ambalwa, wayeyifihla into yokudlala phantsi kwebhokisi yesibini (B), aqiniseke ukuba umntwana ufikelela ngokulula kuzo zombini iibhokisi.

Iintsana ezijonge phantsi kweBhokisi A kwinto yokudlala zibonise ukuba azikazisebenzisi izakhono zokuqiqa ukuqonda into yokudlala ikwindawo entsha.

Uphando lwamva luye lwanceda abantu baqonda ukuba into enokusisigxina inokukhula ngaphambi kweenyanga ezisi-8 ubudala. Abaphandi basebenza neentsana ezazineenyanga ezintlanu kuphela ubudala, bebonisa isikrini esasihamba kwi-arc.

Nje ukuba iintsana ziqhele ukujonga intshukumo yescreen, abaphandi babeka ibhokisi emva kwescreen. Emva koko babonisa iintsana umcimbi "onokwenzeka", apho isikrini sifike ebhokisini sayeka ukuhamba, kunye nomsitho "ongenakwenzeka", apho isikrini siqhubeka sihamba kwisithuba esihlala ebhokisini.

Iintsana zithande ukujonga umcimbi ongenakwenzeka ixesha elide. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba abantwana baqonde:

• izinto eziqinileyo azinakudlulana
• izinto zikhona nokuba azibonakali

Ke musa ukwenza impazamo: Usana lwakho sele lungu-Einstein omncinci.

Icala elinzima ngakumbi lesisigxina sento: ukwahlula uxinzelelo

Eminye imiqondiso yento esisigxina kusana lwakho inokuba yinto eyonwabisayo nenomdla, njengokuyibona iye ngqo kwinto yokudlala oyifihlileyo. Eminye imiqondiso… hayi kangako.

Ukwahlula uxinzelelo kukwahlala kukhula malunga nexesha elifanayo nokusisigxina kwento, kwaye oku kunokuba yinto enomdla kancinci. Ngoku umntwana wakho uyazi ukuba usaphila nokuba bayakubona okanye hayi.

Ke xa bengakuboni, abonwabanga, kwaye baya kukwazisa ngoko nangoko. Kakhulu xa uchama ngoxolo.

Oku kunokuphazamisa ekhaya, kwaye kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukushiya umntwana wakho ekunakekelweni kwemini okanye kunye ne-sitter, nangona uyazi ukuba baya kuphila ngokupheleleyo.

Usana lwakho lusenokuziva lukhululekile phakathi kwabantu ongabaziyo kweli nqanaba ("ixhala lasemzini"). Oku kunokwenza ukwahlukana kube nzima ngakumbi- kwaye kube noxinzelelo kuni nobabini.

Kodwa zama ukungakhathazeki. Eli nqanaba lelokwexeshana, kwaye kungekudala uya kukwazi ukubashiya bekhuselekile kwibala labo lokudlala okanye kwisitulo sebhunga ngelixa ubeka umthwalo wokuhlamba okanye ubaleka kwigumbi lokuhlambela - ngaphandle kokuzilungiselela kweso sililo singenakuphepheka.

Imidlalo ongayidlala kweli nqanaba

Ukudlala nomntwana wakho yindlela entle yokunceda ekuphuculeni ukuqonda kwabo ngokusisigxina kwento. Enye inzuzo? Imidlalo esisigxina yento inokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba aqhelane nombono wokuba nangona ungahamba kancinci, uya kubuya kungekudala.

Sithandwa esiphezulu

Lo mdlalo weklasikhi ulungele usana lwakho, kodwa ungazama izinto ezahlukeneyo ukutshintsha.

• Beka ingubo encinci, elula (okanye itawuli ecocekileyo) entlokweni yosana lwakho ukuze ubone ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuyikhupha.
• Zama ukugubungela intloko yakho kunye nentloko yomntwana ukuze ubone ukuba umntwana wakho uyakufumana emva kokususa ingubo yakhe. Iintsana ezindala kuneenyanga ezili-10 zinokuba nempumelelo engaphezulu apha!
• Sebenzisa enye yeethoyi zomntwana wakho ukudlala i-peek-a-boo ngokuyivelisa ngasemva kwizinto ezahlukeneyo okanye iziqwenga zefanitshala. Landela iphethini kwaye ubone ukuba umntwana wakho angaqala ukuqikelela ukuba le nto yokudlala izakuvela phi ngokulandelayo.

Fihla ufumane

• Vumela usana lwakho lubukele ukogquma into yokudlala ngamanqanaba ambalwa eetawuli okanye amalaphu athambileyo. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba aqhubeke nokususa izaleko ade ayifumane into yokudlala.
• Ngomntwana osele ekhulile, zama ukufihla iithoyi ezimbalwa apha egumbini. Bayeke bakubukele kwaye emva koko ubakhuthaze ukuba bafumane zonke iithoyi.
• Zifihle! Ukuba usana lwakho luyakwazi ukukhasa okanye ukuhamba, hamba ngekona okanye emva komnyango uthethe nabo, ubakhuthaze ukuba beze kukukhangela.

Umntwana wakho uyasithanda isandi selizwi lakho, ke qiniseka ukuba uthetha nabo kuyo yonke imidlalo, ubakhuthaze kwaye ubonwabise xa befumana izinto. Kuyanceda ukuqhubeka nokuthetha xa uphuma kwigumbi. Oku kubenza bazi ukuba usekufuphi.

Imidlalo engakumbi: Yintoni ibhokisi yesigxina?

Le yinto yokudlala elula eyenziwe ngomthi enokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba afunde okungakumbi malunga nokusisigxina kwento. Inomngxunya ngaphezulu kunye netreyi kwicala elinye. Kuza nebhola encinci.

Ukubonisa umntwana wakho indlela yokudlala nebhokisi, yeka ibhola emngxunyeni. Yibanemincili kwaye utsalele ingqalelo kwibhola xa ithe yaqengqeleka itreyi. Phinda oku kube kanye okanye kabini emva koko uyeke umntwana wakho azame!

Le nto yokudlala ayincedi nje ngokusisigxina kwento. Kukwalunge kakhulu ukunceda umntwana wakho ukuba aphuhlise ukulungelelanisa kwabo iliso lesandla kunye nezakhono zememori. Izikolo ezininzi zaseMontessori ziyayisebenzisa, kwaye unokuzithenga ngokulula kwi-Intanethi ukuze uzisebenzise ekhaya.

Ukuthatha

Ukuba umntwana wakho uyacaphuka xa uphuma kwigumbi okanye ubamba ngokukhawuleza ukutya okulula okulahliweyo kunye nezinto zokudlala ezifihliweyo, mhlawumbi bayaqala ukufumana ukuxhonywa kwale nto isisigxina.

Yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yophuhliso lwengqondo olunceda ukuseta umntwana wakho ukuba aqiqe ngendlela engaqondakaliyo kunye nolwimi kunye nokufunyanwa kwesimboli.

Ungaqala ukuyibona le nto kusana lwakho xa bane-4 okanye iinyanga ezi-5 ubudala, kodwa ungakhathazeki ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide. Ngokukhawuleza, awuyi kukwazi ukutsala uboya (okanye i-100% yengubo yomqhaphu) phezu kwamehlo abo!