Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi ebantwaneni

Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi ebantwaneni kubhekisa kwiingxaki zezi zilandelayo:

• Ukufumana intsingiselo yabo okanye umyalezo kwabanye (ingxaki yolwimi)
• Ukuqonda umyalezo ovela kwabanye (ukuphazamiseka kulwimi)

Abantwana abanengxaki yolwimi bayakwazi ukuvelisa izandi, kwaye intetho yabo iyaqondakala.

Uninzi lweentsana nabantwana, ulwimi lukhula ngokwendalo ukuqala kokuzalwa. Ukukhulisa ulwimi, umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukuva, ukubona, ukuqonda, kunye nokukhumbula. Abantwana kufuneka babe namandla okwenza intetho.

Ukufikelela kwi-1 kwabantwana abangama-20 baneempawu zokuphazamiseka kolwimi. Xa unobangela engaziwa, ibizwa ngokuba lulwimi olukhulayo.

Iingxaki ngezakhono zolwamkelo lolwimi zihlala ziqala ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala be-4. Ezinye iingxaki zolwimi ezixubeneyo zibangelwa kukwenzakala kwengqondo. Ezi meko ngamanye amaxesha zichazwa gwenxa njengeengxaki zokukhula.

Ukuphazamiseka kulwimi kunokubakho kubantwana abanezinye iingxaki zokukhula, ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo yengqondo, ukulahleka kwendlebe kunye nokukhubazeka ekufundeni. Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi kunokubangelwa ngumonakalo kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, ebizwa ngokuba yi-aphasia.

Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi kunqabile ukuba kubangelwe kukuswela ubukrelekrele.

Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi kwahlukile kunolwimi olulibazisekileyo. Ngolwimi olulibazisekileyo, umntwana ukhula intetho nolwimi ngendlela efanayo nabanye abantwana, kodwa kamva. Kwiingxaki zolwimi, intetho kunye nolwimi azikhuli ngokwesiqhelo. Umntwana unokuba nezakhono zolwimi, kodwa hayi ezinye. Okanye, indlela ezikhula ngayo ezi zakhono iya kwahluka kunesiqhelo.

Umntwana onesifo sokuphazamiseka kolwimi unokuba neempawu ezimbini okanye ezimbini ezibhalwe apha ngezantsi, okanye uninzi lweempawu. Iimpawu zinokuthamba ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Abantwana abanengxaki yokwamkela ulwimi banobunzima bokuqonda ulwimi. Banokuba:

• Ixesha elinzima lokuqonda ukuba bathini abanye abantu
• Iingxaki zilandela umkhombandlela athethwayo kubo
• Iingxaki ekuhleleni iingcinga zabo

Abantwana abanengxaki yokuchaza ulwimi baneengxaki ekusebenziseni ulwimi ukuveza oko bakucingayo okanye bakudingayo. Aba bantwana banako:

• Unobunzima bokubeka amagama kunye kwizivakalisi, okanye izivakalisi zabo zinokuba zilula kwaye zifutshane kwaye ulandelelwano lwamagama lusenokucinywa
• Unobunzima ekufumaneni amagama afanelekileyo xa uthetha, kwaye uhlala usebenzisa amagama abambe njenge "um"
• Yiba nesigama esingaphantsi kwenqanaba labanye abantwana abakwiminyaka efanayo
• Shiya amagama kwizivakalisi xa uthetha
• Sebenzisa amabinzana athile ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye uphinde (echo) iinxalenye okanye yonke imibuzo
• Sebenzisa ixesha (elidlulileyo, elangoku, elizayo) ngokungafanelekanga

Ngenxa yeengxaki zabo zolwimi, aba bantwana banokuba nobunzima ekuhlaleni. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphazamiseka kolwimi kunokuba yinto ebangela iingxaki zokuziphatha ezibi.

Imbali yezonyango inokutyhila ukuba umntwana unezihlobo ezisondeleyo ezinengxaki yokuthetha kunye nolwimi.

Nawuphi na umntwana okrokrelwa ukuba unale ngxaki unokuba novavanyo olufanayo nolwamkelayo noluchazayo. Ingcali yezentetho kunye nolwimi okanye i-neuropsychologist iya kuqhuba ezi mvavanyo.

Uvavanyo lokuva ekuthiwa yi-audiometry kufuneka lwenziwe ukukhupha isithulu, sesinye sezona zinto zibangela iingxaki zolwimi.

Intetho kunye nonyango lolwimi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunyanga olu hlobo lokuphazamiseka kulwimi.

Ukucebisa, njengonyango lokuthetha, kuyacetyiswa ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka kweengxaki ezinxulumene neemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha.

Iziphumo ziyahluka, ngokusekwe kwisizathu. Ukulimala kwengqondo okanye ezinye iingxaki zolwakhiwo ngokubanzi zinesiphumo esibi, apho umntwana aya kuba neengxaki zexesha elide kulwimi. Ezinye izizathu ezinokubuyela umva zinganyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Uninzi lwabantwana abanengxaki yolwimi ngexesha lokuya esikolweni baya kuba neengxaki zolwimi okanye ubunzima bokufunda kamva ebuntwaneni. Banokuba neengxaki zokufunda.

Ukuqonda ubunzima kunye nokusebenzisa ulwimi kunokubangela iingxaki kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo njengomntu omkhulu.

Ukufunda kunokuba yingxaki.

Uxinzelelo, unxunguphalo, kunye nezinye iingxaki zeemvakalelo okanye zokuziphatha kunokuba nzima kukuphazamiseka kolwimi.

Abazali abanenkxalabo yokuba intetho okanye ulwimi lomntwana wabo lubambezelekile kufuneka babone ugqirha wabantwana babo. Buza malunga nokuthunyelwa kwintetho kunye nolwimi.

Abantwana abafunyaniswa benayo le meko banokufuna ukubonwa ngugqirha wemithambo-luvo okanye yingcali yophuhliso lwabantwana ukumisela ukuba ngaba unobangela unokunyangwa na.

Tsalela umnxeba ugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba ubona le miqondiso ilandelayo yokuba umntwana akalwazi ulwimi kakuhle:

• Kwiinyanga ezili-15, ayijongi okanye ikhombe kubantu aba-5 ukuya kweli-10 okanye izinto xa bethe babizwa ngumzali okanye ngumkhathaleli
• Ngeenyanga ezili-18, ayilandeli umkhombandlela olula, onje "fumana idyasi yakho"
• Kwiinyanga ezingama-24, ayinakho ukwalatha kumfanekiso okanye ilungu lomzimba xa uthiywa
• Kwiinyanga ezingama-30, sukuphendula ngokuvakalayo okanye ngokunqwala okanye ngokunikina intloko kwaye ubuze imibuzo
• Kwiinyanga ezingama-36, ayilandeli imikhomba-ndlela emibini, kwaye akawaqondi amagama ezenzo

Fowuna kwakhona ukuba uyayibona le miqondiso yokuba umntwana wakho akasebenzisi okanye akacacisi ulwimi kakuhle:

• Kwiinyanga ezili-15, akasebenzisi magama mathathu
• Ngeenyanga ezili-18, ayithi, "Mama," "Dada," okanye amanye amagama
• Kwiinyanga ezingama-24, ayisebenzisi amagama angama-25 ubuncinci
• Kwiinyanga ezingama-30, ayisebenzisi amabinzana amagama amabini, kubandakanya amabinzana abandakanya zombini isibizo kunye nesenzi
• Kwiinyanga ezingama-36, ayinaso isigama samagama angama-200, ayiceli zinto ngamagama, iphinda-phinda imibuzo ebithethwa ngabanye, ulwimi luye lwabuya (lwaya lubi kakhulu), okanye alusebenzisi izivakalisi ezipheleleyo
• Kwiinyanga ezingama-48, uhlala esebenzisa amagama ngokungachanekanga okanye asebenzise igama elifanayo okanye elinxulumene noko endaweni yegama elichanekileyo

Uphuhliso lweAphasia; Uphuhliso lwedysphasia; Ulwimi olucothisiweyo; Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi ngokukodwa; I-SLI; Ukuphazamiseka kunxibelelwano-ingxaki yolwimi

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Ukuphazamiseka kulwimi nokuthetha ebantwaneni. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/lwimi-disorders.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 9, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 21, 2020.

Iimpawu zeMD. Ukuphuhliswa kolwimi kunye nokuphazamiseka konxibelelwano. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 52.

Umqeqeshi weDA, uNass RD. Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi. Ku: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, ii-eds. I-Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 53.