URubella

URubella, okwabizwa ngokuba yimasisi yaseJamani, sisifo apho kukho irhashalala eluswini.

I-rubella ye-Congenital kuxa umfazi okhulelweyo one-rubella eyigqithisela emntwaneni osesibelekweni sakhe.

I-Rubella ibangelwa yintsholongwane esasazeka emoyeni okanye ngokudibana okufutshane.

Umntu one-rubella unokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye ukusuka kwiveki e-1 ngaphambi kokuba ukuqubuka kuqale, kude kube ziiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 emva kokuba irhashalala inyamalale.

Ngenxa yokuba iyeza lokuthintela imasisi-mumps-rubella (MMR) linikwa uninzi lwabantwana, irubella ayixhaphakanga kakhulu ngoku. Phantse wonke umntu ofumana isitofu sokugonya ukhuselekile kwi-rubella. Ukuzikhusela kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho wakhe ukhuselo kwintsholongwane ye-rubella.

Kwabanye abantu abadala, iyeza lokugonya linokuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba azikhuselwanga ngokupheleleyo. Abasetyhini abanokukhulelwa kunye nabanye abantu abadala banokufumana i-booster shot.

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangazange bagonywe i-rubella banokufumana le ntsholongwane.

Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana baneempawu ezimbalwa. Abantu abadala banokuba nomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, ukungonwabi ngokubanzi (i-malaise), kunye nempumlo egudileyo ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale irhashalala. Basenokungaziboni iimpawu.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukuqunjelwa (kunqabile)
• Ukudumba kwamehlo (amehlo abomvu)
• Intlungu yezihlunu okanye edibeneyo

Impumlo okanye umqala usenokuthunyelwa kwinkcubeko.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukubona ukuba umntu ukhuselekile na kwi-rubella. Bonke abantu basetyhini abanokukhulelwa kufuneka benze olu vavanyo. Ukuba ngaba uvavanyo alunayo, baya kufumana isitofu sokugonya.

Akukho lonyango kwesi sifo.

Ukuthatha i-acetaminophen kunokunceda ukunciphisa umkhuhlane.

Iziphene ezenzeka nge-congenital rubella syndrome zinokunyangwa.

I-Rubella ihlala isulelekile.

Emva kokosuleleka, abantu bayakhuseleka kwesi sifo ubomi babo bonke.

Iingxaki zinokwenzeka kusana olungekazalwa ukuba umama wosuleleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuphuma kwesisu okanye ukuzala umntwana oswelekileyo kunokwenzeka. Umntwana unokuzalwa enesiphene sokuzalwa.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba:

• Ungumfazi oneminyaka yobudala bokuzala kwaye awuqinisekanga nokuba ugonyelwe i-rubella
• Wena okanye umntwana wakho uhlakulela intloko ebuhlungu, intamo eqinile, indlebe, okanye iingxaki zombono ngexesha okanye emva kwetyala le-rubella
• Wena okanye umntwana wakho kufuneka nifumane ugonyo lweMMR (isitofu sokugonya)

Kukho isitofu sokugonya esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo sokuthintela irubella. Ugonyo lwe-rubella luyacetyiswa kubo bonke abantwana. Ihlala inikwa xa abantwana benenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-15 ubudala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inikwa kwangethuba ngexesha lobhubhane. Ugonyo lwesibini (i-booster) luhlala lunikwa abantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwi-6. I-MMR sisixhobo sokudibanisa esidibanisa imasisi, uqwilikana kunye nerubella.

Abasetyhini abaneminyaka yobudala bokuzala bahlala bevavanywa igazi ukuze babone ukuba abanaso isifo kwi-rubella. Ukuba abakhuselekanga, abasetyhini kufuneka bakuphephe ukukhulelwa iintsuku ezingama-28 emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya.

Abo kungafanelekanga ukuba bagonywe babandakanya:

• Abafazi abakhulelweyo.
• Nabani na omzimba wakhe ochaphazelekayo ngumhlaza, amayeza e-corticosteroid, okanye unyango lwe-radiation.

Unonophelo olukhulu luthathelwa ukunganiki isitofu kumfazi osele ekhulelwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo xa abafazi abakhulelweyo begonyiwe, akukho ngxaki zifunyenweyo kwiintsana.

Imasisi iintsuku ezintathu; Imasisi yaseJamani

• URubella kumqolo wosana
• URubella
• Iintsholongwane

IMason WH, iiGans HA. URubella. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 274.

UMikhaels MG, uWilliam JV. Izifo ezosulelayo. Ku: Zitelli, BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ii-eds. UZitelli no-Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 13.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P.Ikomiti yeeNgcebiso malunga neZenzo zokuGonya yacebisa ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abaneminyaka eli-18 nangaphantsi-eUnited States, 2019. MMWR Mntundini wokufa Wkly Rep. Ngo-2019; 68 (5): 112-114. IINKCUKACHA: 30730870 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30730870.