Ukutya - isifo sezintso ezingapheliyo

Kuya kufuneka wenze utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo xa unesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD). Olu tshintsho lunokubandakanya ukunciphisa ulwelo, ukutya ukutya okuneprotein encinci, ukunciphisa ityuwa, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, kunye nezinye i-electrolyte, kunye nokufumana iikhalori ezaneleyo ukuba ulahla ubunzima bomzimba.

Kuya kufuneka utshintshe indlela otya ngayo ngakumbi ukuba isifo sakho sezintso siya sisiba mandundu, okanye ukuba ufuna idialysis.

Injongo yoku kutya kukugcina amanqanaba ee-electrolyte, iiminerali, kunye nolwelo emzimbeni wakho ulungelelene xa uneCKD okanye ukwidialysis.

Abantu abakwi-dialysis badinga oku kutya kukhethekileyo ukunciphisa umda ekwakheni iimveliso zenkunkuma emzimbeni. Ukunciphisa ulwelo phakathi konyango lwe-dialysis kubaluleke kakhulu kuba uninzi lwabantu kwi-dialysis ichama kancinci. Ngaphandle kokuchama, ulwelo luya kwakha emzimbeni kwaye lubangele ulwelo oluninzi entliziyweni nasemiphungeni.

Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba akuthumele kwidayiti ebhalisiweyo yokukunceda ekutyeni kwakho kwesifo sezintso. Abanye abagqirha bezidlo badla ngokutya kwizintso. Isondlo sakho sokutya sinokukunceda ukuba wenze ukutya ukuze ulungele ezinye iimfuno zakho zempilo.

IZiseko zeNtso zinezahluko kumazwe amaninzi. Yindawo elungileyo yabantu abanezifo zezintso kunye neentsapho zabo ukuba bafumane iinkqubo kunye nolwazi. Kuya kufuneka uthathe iikhalori ezaneleyo suku ngalunye ukuze uhlale usempilweni kwaye uthintele ukonakala kwezicubu zomzimba. Buza umboneleli wakho kunye nesidlo sokutya ukuba bungakanani ubunzima bakho obufanelekileyo. Zilinganise ntsasa nganye ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyahlangabezana nale njongo.

IIKHABHOLEYI

Ukuba awunangxaki yokutya iikhabhohayidrethi, oku kutya kungumthombo olungileyo wamandla. Ukuba umboneleli wakho ucebise ukutya okuneprotein ephantsi, unokutshintsha iikhalori ezivela kwiprotein nge:

• Iziqhamo, isonka, iinkozo kunye nemifuno. Oku kutya kunika amandla, kunye nefayibha, iiminerali kunye neevithamini.
• Iicandi ezinzima, iswekile, ubusi kunye nejeli. Ukuba uyafuneka, ungatya iidessert ezinekhalori ephezulu ezinje ngeepayi, iikeyiki, okanye iicookies, ukuba nje unciphisa iidessert ezenziwe ngobisi, itshokholethi, amantongomane, okanye iibhanana.

AMAFUTHA

Amafutha anokuba ngumthombo weekhalori. Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa i-monounsaturated kunye ne-polyunsaturated fats (i-oyile ye-olive, i-oyile ye-canola, i-oyile e-safflower) ukukhusela impilo yentliziyo yakho. Thetha nomboneleli wakho okanye isondlo malunga namafutha kunye ne-cholesterol enokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki zentliziyo.

IPROTINI

Ukutya okuneproteni encinci kunokuba luncedo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nge-dialysis. Umboneleli wakho okanye isondlo sokutya unokucebisa ukutya okuneeprotein ezisezantsi ngokubhekisele kubunzima bakho, inqanaba lesifo, ukuba unezihlunu ezingakanani kunye nezinye izinto. Kodwa usadinga iproteni eyaneleyo, ke sebenza nomnikezeli wakho ukufumana ukutya okufanelekileyo.

Nje ukuba uqale i-dialysis, kuyakufuneka utye iiprotein ezininzi. Ukutya okuneproteni ephezulu ngeentlanzi, iinkukhu, inyama yehagu, okanye amaqanda kwisidlo ngasinye kunokucetyiswa.

Abantu abakwi-dialysis kufuneka batye i-8 ukuya kwi-10 i-ounces (225 ukuya kwi-280 gram) yokutya okuneproteni ephezulu suku ngalunye. Umboneleli wakho okanye ugqirha otya ukutya usenokucebisa ngokongeza amaqanda amhlophe, umgubo omhlophe weqanda, okanye iprotein powder.

ICALCIUM NEPHOSPHOROUS

Izimbiwa calcium nephosphorus ziya kutshekishwa rhoqo. Nokuba kumanqanaba okuqala e-CKD, amanqanaba e-phosphorus egazini anokuphakama kakhulu. Oku kunokubangela:

• I-calcium ephantsi. Oku kubangela ukuba umzimba ukhuphe i-calcium emathanjeni akho, enokwenza amathambo akho abe buthathaka kwaye abe lula ukwaphuka.
• Ukurhawuzelela.

Kuya kufuneka ulinciphise inani lokutya okutyayo, kuba ziqulathe izixa ezikhulu ze-phosphorus. Oku kubandakanya ubisi, iyogathi, kunye netshizi. Ezinye ukutya zobisi ziphantsi kwi-phosphorus, kubandakanya:

• Umargarini wesitya
• Ibhotolo
• Cream, ricotta, brie sisi
• Ikrimu enzima
• ISherbet
• I-Nondairy ityhubhu

Kuya kufuneka uthathe izongezo zecalcium ukukhusela isifo samathambo, kunye nevithamini D ukulawula ibhalansi ye-calcium kunye nephosphorus emzimbeni wakho. Buza umboneleli wakho okanye ugqirha wezidlo malunga nendlela efanelekileyo yokufumana ezi zondlo.

Umboneleli wakho angacebisa amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi "phosphorus binders" ukuba utshintsho kwindlela yokutya lulodwa alusebenzi ukulawula ibhalansi yale minerali emzimbeni wakho.

IINKCUKACHA

Kumanqanaba okuqala okusilela kwezintso, awunyanzelekanga ukuba unciphise ulwelo oselwayo. Kodwa, njengoko imeko yakho isiba mandundu, okanye xa ukwi-dialysis, kuya kufuneka ujonge isixa solwelo osithathayo.

Phakathi kweeseshoni zedialysis, ulwelo lunokwakha emzimbeni. Ulwelo oluninzi luya kukhokelela ekuphefumlweni umoya, imeko engxamisekileyo efuna unyango kwangoko.

Umboneleli wakho kunye nomongikazi we-dialysis uya kukwazisa ukuba kufuneka usele kangakanani yonke imihla. Gcina ukutya okunamanzi amaninzi, njengeesuphu, i-gelatin eneziqhamo, iziqholo zeqhwa ezineziqhamo, ice cream, iidiliya, iivatala, iletisi, iitumato, kunye neselery.

Sebenzisa iikomityi ezincinci okanye iiglasi ujike ikomityi yakho emva kokuba uyigqibile.

Iingcebiso zokuba unganxanwa zibandakanya:

• Kuphephe ukutya okunetyiwa
• Friza ijusi kwitreyi yomkhenkce kwaye uyitye njengesiqhamo esineziqhamo esineziqhamo (kuya kufuneka ubale la maqhekeza omkhenkce kwinani lakho leencindi zemihla ngemihla)
• Hlala upholile kwiintsuku ezishushu

ITYULELA OKANYE ISODYAM

Ukunciphisa isodium ekudleni kwakho kukunceda ulawule uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Kwakhona kukugcina unxaniwe, kwaye kuthintela umzimba wakho ekubambeleleni kulwelo olongezelelekileyo. Jonga la magama kwiilebheli zokutya:

• I-sodium ephantsi
• Akukho tyiwa yongezwa
• Ayinasodium
• Ukuncitshiswa kwesodium
• Akuqinisekiswanga

Jonga zonke iilebheli ukuze ubone ukuba ingakanani ityuwa okanye ukutya kwesodium okuqulathiweyo ngokusebenza. Kwakhona kuphephe ukutya okuluhlu lweetyuwa kufutshane nasekuqaleni kwezithako. Jonga iimveliso ezingaphantsi kwe-100 milligram (mg) yetyuwa ngokuhambisa.

SUKUSEBENZISA ityuwa xa upheka kwaye ususe isitshizi esisuka etafileni. Uninzi lwamanye amayeza lukhuselekile, kwaye unokuwasebenzisa ukunambitha ukutya kwakho endaweni yetyuwa.

MUSA ukusebenzisa izinto ezingena endaweni yetyuwa kuba zine-potassium. Abantu abane-CKD kufuneka banciphise i-potassium.

IPOTASSIUM

Amanqanaba egazi aqhelekileyo e-potassium anceda ukugcina intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokuthe chu. Nangona kunjalo, i-potassium eninzi kakhulu inokwakha xa izintso zingasasebenzi kakuhle. Isingqi sentliziyo esinobungozi sinokubangela, esinokubangela ukufa.

Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ziqulathe isixa esikhulu se potassium, kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu kufuneka kuthintelwe ukugcina intliziyo isempilweni.

Ukukhetha into efanelekileyo kwiqela ngalinye lokutya kunokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba akho e-potassium.

Xa usitya iziqhamo:

• Khetha iiperesi, iidiliya, amapere, iiapile, amajikijolo, iinanapple, iplums, iitangerines kunye nevatala
• Nciphisa okanye uphephe iiorenji kunye nejusi yeorenji, ii-nectarines, i-kiwis, iivini ezomileyo okanye ezinye iziqhamo ezomisiweyo, iibhanana, i-cantaloupe, i-honeydew, i-prunes kunye nectarines

Xa usitya imifuno:

• Khetha i-broccoli, ikhaphetshu, iminqathe, icauliflower, iseleri, ikhukhamba, isitshalo seqanda, iimbotyi eziluhlaza kunye ne-wax, iletisi, itswele, ipepile, i-watercress, i-zucchini kunye ne-squash etyheli
• Nciphisa okanye unqande i-asparagus, iavokhado, iitapile, iitumato okanye isosi yetumato, isikwashi sasebusika, ithanga, iavokhado nesipinatshi esiphekiweyo.

INTSIMBI

Abantu abanokungaphumeleli kwezintso eziphambili banayo i-anemia kwaye bahlala befuna i-iron eyongezelelweyo.

Ukutya okuninzi kunentsimbi eyongezelelweyo (isibindi, inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu, inkukhu, ilima kunye neembotyi zezintso, iinkozo ezinqatyiswe yintsimbi) Thetha nomboneleli wakho okanye isazi sokutya malunga nokutya onokukutya ngentsimbi ngenxa yesifo sakho sezintso.

Isifo se-renal - ukutya; Isifo sezintso - ukutya

UFouque D, uMitch WE. Indlela yokutya kwizifo zezintso. Ku: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, ii-eds. Brenner kunye noMphathi weZintso. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 61.

Mitch WE. Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 121.

IZiko leLizwe leSwekile kunye neWebhusayithi kunye neZifo zeZintso. Ukutya kunye nesondlo se-hemodialysis. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/izintso-failure/hemodialysis/eating- Nutrition. Ukuhlaziywa kukaSeptemba 2016. Kufikeleleke ngoJulayi 26, 2019.

Isiseko seNtso seSizwe. Izikhokelo zokutya kubantu abadala eziqala kwi-hemodialysis. www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dietary_hemodialysis. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Epreli 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 26, 2019.