Ifanitshala polish ityhefu

Ifanitshala ityhefu yepolish yenzeka xa umntu eginya okanye ephefumlela (inhales) ipolishi yefanitshala engamanzi. Ezinye iipolishi zefanitshala zinokutshizwa emehlweni.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. Sukuyisebenzisa ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu eyiyo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Izithako ezinetyhefu zibandakanya iihydrocarbon (ezinje ngeoyile, iioyile, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo).

Esi sithako sifumaneka kwiipolishi zefanitshala ezingamanzi.

Ifanitshala ityhefu yepolishi inokubangela iimpawu kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba. Iimpawu zixhomekeka kwindlela eyityhefu eyenzeke ngayo, kwaye nokuba ingakanani ityhefu ebandakanyekayo.

Ukuginya ityhefu enjalo kunokubangela:

• Ukuphazamiseka
• Ukudideka
• I-Coma (ukwehla kwenqanaba lokuqonda kunye nokusilela ekuphenduleni)
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi olukhula ngokukhawuleza
• Intlungu ebangelwa ngumqala, umlomo, impumlo, amehlo, okanye iindlebe
• Intlungu ebuhlungu esiswini
• Ukudumba komqala
• Ukuhlanza, mhlawumbi kunegazi
• Igazi kwizitulo zakho

Ukuba ityhefu ichukumise ulusu lwakho okanye amehlo akho:

• Ulusu luyatsha kunye nokucaphuka
• Ukulahleka kombono

Ukuba ityhefu iphefumlwa ngaphakathi (inhaled okanye aspirated), oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:

• Umbono omfiliba
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla - ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukungaphefumli
• Umphunga owileyo (pneumothorax)
• Coma (ukunqongophala kokuphendula)
• Ukudideka
• Iingxaki zokuququzelela
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ifiva
• Ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukudumba kwemiphunga
• Usulelo lwemiphunga (inyumoniya yesibini)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukothuka
• Umphunga ukopha
• Ukuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula)
• Ukulala
• Isiphukuphuku (ukunciphisa ulwazi, ukulala, ukudideka)

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. Sukwenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe ukuba enze njalo ngolawulo lwetyhefu okanye ingcali yezempilo.

Ukuba imichiza isesikhumbeni okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eli-15.

Ukuba imichiza iye yaginywa, khawuleza unike umntu amanzi okanye ubisi, ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli wezempilo. Musa ukunika amanzi okanye ubisi ukuba umntu uneempawu (ezinjengokugabha, ukuxhuzula, okanye inqanaba lokuncipha) elenza kubenzima ukuginya.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle le tyhefu, msuse kwangoko loo mntu uye kumoya omtsha.

Fumana olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (kunye nezithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Ixesha laliginyiwe
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Inombolo yomnxeba kazwelonke iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. Akufuneki ukuba ibe yongxamiseko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu ziya kuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umntu angafumana:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ukuxhasa ukuphefumla, kubandakanya ioksijini ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu ukuya emiphungeni, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• I-Bronchoscopy -ikhamera ezantsi komqala ukujonga ukutshisa kwindlela yomoya kunye nemiphunga (ukuba ityhefu ibifunwa)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• ECG (ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ikhamera ye-Endoscopy ezantsi emqaleni ukujonga ukutsha kwi-esophagus nakwisisu
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• Iyeza lokuguqula isiphumo setyhefu kunye nokunyanga iimpawu
• Ukususwa kotyando kolusu olutshisiweyo (ukomisa ulusu)
• Tube ngomlomo ungene esiswini ukukhupha (ukumunca) isisu. Oku kwenziwa kuphela xa umntu efumana unyango phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 yetyhefu, kwaye inani elikhulu kakhulu leziyobisi liginyiwe.
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela) - mhlawumbi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu eginyileyo kunye nokuba unyango lufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngokukhawuleza umntu ufumana uncedo lwezonyango, ngcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona.

Ukuginya ezo tyhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Ukutshiswa kwindlela yomoya okanye ithumbu lesisu kungakhokelela ekufeni kwethishu. Oku kunokubangela usulelo, ukothuka kunye nokufa, kwaneenyanga ezininzi emva kokuba into iginyiwe. Izicubu ezinqabileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo zingakhokelela kwiingxaki zexesha elide ngokuphefumla, ukugwinya kunye nokwetyisa.

IBlanc PD. Iimpendulo eziqinisekileyo kukuvezwa okunetyhefu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 75.

UMofenson HC, uCaraccio TR, uMcGuigan M, uGreensher J. Unyango lwezonyango. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 1281-1334.

U-Wang GS, uBuchanan JA. IiHydrocarbon. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 152.