Ukopha emathunjini

Ukuphuma emathunjini (GI) ukopha kubhekisa kulo nakuphi na ukopha okuqala kwithumbu.

Ukopha kunokuvela nakweyiphi na indawo ecaleni kwephecana le-GI, kodwa kuhlala kwahlulwa-hlulwa:

• Ukopha okuphezulu kwe-GI: Iphecana eliphezulu le-GI libandakanya umqala (ityhubhu ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya esiswini), isisu, kunye nenxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci.
• Ukopha okungaphantsi kwe-GI: Iphepha elisezantsi le-GI libandakanya uninzi lwamathumbu amancinci, amathumbu amakhulu okanye amathumbu, i-rectum kunye ne-anus.

Isixa sokuphuma kwegazi le-GI sinokuba sincinci kangangokuba sinokufunyanwa kuvavanyo lwelebhu olufana novavanyo lwegazi lokungcola. Eminye imiqondiso yokopha kwe-GI kubandakanya:

• Kumnyama, ilindle
• Amanani amakhulu egazi adlulisiwe ukusuka kwirektamu
• Inani elincinci legazi kwisitya sangasese, kwiphepha langasese, okanye kwimigca esitulweni (ilindle)
• Ukuphalaza igazi

Ukopha ngamandla kwitrakta ye-GI kunokuba yingozi. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba kuncinci kakhulu ukopha okwenzeka ixesha elide kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinje ngeanemia okanye ukubalwa kwegazi okuphantsi.

Nje ukuba indawo yokopha ifunyenwe, uninzi lonyango luyafumaneka ukunqanda ukopha okanye ukunyanga unobangela.

Ukopha kwe-GI kunokuba ngenxa yeemeko ezingabalulekanga, kubandakanya:

• Ukuqhekeka kwe-anal
• Iimpawu

Ukopha kwe-GI kunokuba luphawu lwezifo ezinzima kunye neemeko. Oku kunokubandakanya umhlaza wephecana le-GI njenge:

• Umhlaza wekolon
• Umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci
• Umhlaza wesisu
• Iipolyps zesisu (imeko yangaphambi komhlaza)

Ezinye izizathu zokuphuma kwegazi kungabandakanya:

• Imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga kulusu lwamathumbu (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-angiodysplasia)
• Ukopha kwe-diverticulum, okanye i-diverticulosis
• Isifo seCrohn okanye isifo sezilonda
• Iimpawu zokuqunjelwa
• Ukuqunjelwa sisisu
• Isisu esiswini
• I-Intussusception (i-telescoped ngokwayo)
• UMallory-Weiss ulila
• I-Meckel diverticulum
• Ukulimala kwemitha emathunjini

Kukho iimvavanyo ze-stool zasekhaya zegazi elincinci elinokucetyiswa kubantu abane-anemia okanye ukuhlolwa komhlaza wekolon.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba:

• Unemnyama, ilindle (oku kunokuba luphawu lokopha kwe-GI)
• Unegazi kwisitulo sakho
• Ugabha igazi okanye ugabhe izinto ezibonakala ngathi yindawo yekhofi

Umboneleli wakho unokufumana ukopha kwe-GI ngexesha loviwo kutyelelo lwakho eofisini.

Ukopha kwe-GI kunokuba yimeko engxamisekileyo efuna unyango kwangoko. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Utofelo-gazi.
• Ulwelo kunye namayeza ngokusebenzisa umthambo.
• I-Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (i-EGD). Ityhubhu ebhityileyo enekhamera ekugqibeleni idluliselwa emlonyeni wakho kwisisu, isisu kunye namathumbu amancinci.
• Umbhobho ubekwa emlonyeni wakho esiswini ukukhupha isisu (isisu esishushu).

Nje ukuba imeko yakho izinzile, uya kuvavanywa ngokomzimba kunye novavanyo olunzulu lwesisu sakho. Uya kubuzwa imibuzo malunga neempawu zakho, kubandakanya:

• Uziqaphele nini okokuqala iimpawu?
• Ngaba ubunomnyama, ilindle okanye igazi elibomvu esitulweni?
• Ukhe wahlanza igazi?
• Ngaba ugabhe izinto ezibonakala ngathi yindawo yekhofi?
• Ngaba unayo imbali yezilonda ezisemzimbeni okanye esisu?
• Ngaba wakha wanempawu ezinje ngaphambili?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu onazo?

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT esiswini
• Isiskena seMRI esiswini
• X-ray esiswini
• I-Angiography
• Ukuskena ukopha (kumakishwe iseli ebomvu yegazi)
• Uvavanyo lokunqanda igazi
• I-Capsule endoscopy (ipilisi yekhamera eginyekileyo ukujonga amathumbu amancinci)
• Colonoscopy
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC), iimvavanyo ezijiyisayo, ubalo lweplatelet, kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwelebhu
• Enteroscopy
• Isigmoidoscopy
• I-EGD okanye i-esophago-gastro endoscopy

Ukopha okungaphantsi kwe-GI; Ukopha kwe-GI; Ukopha okuphezulu kwe-GI; IHematochezia

• Ukopha kwe-GI-uthotho
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lokungcola kwegazi

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Meguerdichian DA, Goralnick E.Ukuphuma kwegazi emathunjini. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 27.

Ugcina i-TJ, iJensen DM. Ukopha emathunjini. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Amathumbu kunye nezifo zesibindi: iPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 20.