Imicrocephaly

I-Microcephaly yimeko apho ubukhulu bentloko yomntu buncinci kakhulu kunabanye abakwiminyaka efanayo nesini. Ubungakanani beNtloko bulinganiswa njengomgama ojikeleze umphezulu wentloko. Ubuncinci kunobukhulu obuqhelekileyo bumiselwe kusetyenziswa iitshathi ezimiselweyo.

I-Microcephaly ihlala ivela kuba ingqondo ayikhuli kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo. Ukukhula kwekhayi kumiselwe kukukhula kwengqondo. Ukukhula kwengqondo kwenzeka ngelixa umntwana esesibelekweni naxa eselusana.

Iimeko ezichaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo zinokubangela incinci kunesiqhelo ubukhulu beentloko. Oku kubandakanya usulelo, ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza, kunye nokungondleki.

Iimeko zemfuza ezibangela i-microcephaly zibandakanya:

• Isifo seCornelia de Lange
• Isifo seCri du chat
• Isifo esiphantsi
• Isifo seRubinstein-Taybi
• Iseckel syndrome
• Isifo sikaSmith-Lemli-Opitz
• I-Trisomy 18
• I-Trisomy 21

Ezinye iingxaki ezinokukhokelela kwi-microcephaly zibandakanya:

• I-phenylketonuria engalawulwayo (PKU) kunina
• Ityhefu yeMethylmercury
• I-rubella yokuzalwa
• I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa
• I-cytomegalovirus yokuzalwa (CMV)
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngakumbi utywala kunye ne phenytoin

Ukosulelwa yintsholongwane kaZika ngelixa ukhulelwe kunokubangela ne-microcephaly. Intsholongwane yeZika ifunyenwe e-Afrika, kuMazantsi Pacific, kwimimandla yetropiki yaseAsia, naseBrazil nakwezinye iindawo zoMzantsi Merika, kunye neMexico, uMbindi Merika, kunye neCaribbean.

Rhoqo, i-microcephaly ifunyaniswa xa izalwa okanye ngexesha leemviwo eziqhelekileyo zabantwana. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba ucinga ukuba ubungakanani beentloko zosana lwakho lincinci kakhulu okanye alukhuli ngesiqhelo.

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ukuba wena okanye iqabane lakho uye waya kwindawo apho iZika ikhoyo kwaye ukhulelwe okanye ucinga ngokukhulelwa.

Uninzi lwexesha, i-microcephaly ifunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Imilinganiselo yentloko iyinxalenye yazo zonke iimviwo zokuba ngumntwana kakuhle kwiinyanga ezili-18 zokuqala. Uvavanyo luthatha imizuzwana embalwa ngelixa itheyiphu yokulinganisa ibekwe kufutshane nentloko yosana.

Umboneleli uya kugcina irekhodi ngokuhamba kwexesha ukumisela:

• Ithini into ejikeleze intloko?
• Ngaba intloko ikhula ngesantya esincinci kunomzimba?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu ezikhoyo?

Kwakhona kunokuba luncedo ukugcina iirekhodi zakho zokukhula komntwana wakho. Thetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba uqaphela ukuba ukukhula kwentloko yomntwana kubonakala ngathi kuhamba kancinci.

Ukuba umboneleli wakho uxilonga umntwana wakho nge-microcephaly, kuya kufuneka uyiqaphele kwiirekhodi zonyango lomntu wakho.

• Ukhakhayi losana olusandul 'ukuzalwa
• Imicrocephaly
• I-Ultrasound, umbungu oqhelekileyo - ii-ventricles zobuchopho

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Intsholongwane kaZika. www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 4, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 15, 2019.

UJohansson MA, Mier-Y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J, Gilboa SM, Hills SL. UZika kunye nomngcipheko we-microcephaly. N Engl J Med. Ngo-2016; 375 (1): 1-4. IINKCUKACHA: 27222919 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27222919/.

Isalamane SL, uJohnston MV. Ukungafani okuzalwa kwenkqubo ye-nervous system. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 609.

IMizaa GM, iDobyns WB. Ukuphazamiseka kubungakanani bengqondo. Ku: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, ii-eds. I-Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 28.