Iifontanales-zitshonile

Iifeneleji ezi-Sunken zijikajike ngokucacileyo "kwindawo ethambileyo" kwintloko yosana.

Ukhakhayi lwenziwe ngamathambo amaninzi. Kukho amathambo asi-8 kulukakayi kunye namathambo ali-14 kwindawo yobuso. Bayazidibanisa ukwenza isiseko esiqinileyo, esinamathambo esikhusela kwaye sixhase ingqondo. Iindawo apho amathambo ahlangana khona zibizwa ngokuba ziisuture.

Amathambo ahlanganiswanga kakuhle ekuzalweni. Oku kuvumela intloko ukuba itshintshe imilo ukuyinceda idlule kumjelo wokuzalwa. I-suture ngokuthe ngcembe ifumana amaminerali kwaye iqinise, ijoyine ngokuqinileyo amathambo okakayi kunye. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-ossification.

Kusana, indawo apho ii-sutures ezi-2 zidibanisa khona ifom egqunywe nge-membrane "indawo ethambileyo" ebizwa ngokuba yifontian (fontanel). Iifontelles zivumela ubuchopho kunye nokakayi ukuba lukhule ngexesha lonyaka wokuqala wosana.

Ngokwesiqhelo kukho iifonti ezininzi ezininzi kugebhezi lwentsana. Zibekwe ikakhulu phezulu, ngasemva, kunye nasemacaleni entloko. Njengama-suture, iifontelles ziqina ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zivaliwe, ziqinile, ziindawo ezinamathambo.

• Ifontian ngasemva kwentloko (posterior fontanelle) ihlala ivala ngexesha usana lunenyanga enye okanye ezi-2 ubudala.
• Ifonti ephezulu yentloko (anterior fontanelle) ihlala ivala kwisithuba seenyanga ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-19.

Iifontshi kufuneka ziziva ziqinile kwaye kufuneka zigobe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kancinci ukuya ngaphandle kwebala. I-fontanelle etshonileyo ebonakalayo luphawu lokuba usana alunalo ulwelo olwaneleyo emzimbeni wabo.

Izizathu zokuba umntwana abe neefonti ezitshonileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (akonelanga emzimbeni)
• Ukungondleki

I-fontanelle etshonileyo inokuba yimeko engxamisekileyo kwezonyango. Umboneleli wezempilo kufuneka akhangele usana kwangoko.

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze imibuzo malunga neempawu zomntwana kunye nembali yezonyango, enje:

• Uqale nini ukuqaphela ukuba ifanelle ibukeka itshonile?
• Inzima kangakanani? Ungayichaza njani?
• Ngawaphi "amabala athambileyo" achaphazelekayo?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu ezikhoyo?
• Ngaba umntwana ebegula, ngakumbi ukugabha, urhudo, okanye ukubila kakhulu?
• Ngaba i-turgor yolusu ihlwempuzekile?
• Unxaniwe umntwana?
• Ngaba umntwana ulumkile?
• Ngaba amehlo omntwana omile?
• Ngaba umlomo womntwana ufumile?

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Amachiza egazi
• I-CBC
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• Uvavanyo lokujonga imeko yesondlo somntwana

Ungathunyelwa kwindawo enokubonelela nge-intravenous (IV) fluid xa i-fontanelle etshisiweyo ibangelwa kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Iifayile ze-Sunken; Indawo ethambileyo-itshonile

• Ukhakhayi losana olusandul 'ukuzalwa
• I-Sunken fontanelles (umbono ogqwesileyo)

Ukunyaniseka NK. Usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 113.

UWright CJ, uPosencheg MA, uSeri I, uEvans JR. I-Fluid, i-electrolyte, kunye ne-acid-base balance. Ku: Gleason CA, Juul SE, ii-eds. Izifo zika-Avery Zomntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 30.