Umhlaza wemiphunga wemitha

Umxholo

• Ziziphi iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wemiphunga?
• Uqala njani umhlaza wemiphunga wemiphunga?
• Ufumanisa njani umhlaza wemiphunga wemiphunga?
• Uphathwa njani umhlaza wemiphunga wemiphunga?
• Yiyiphi imbonakalo yexesha elide kubantu abanomdlavuza wemiphunga?
• Unokuthintelwa njani umhlaza wamaphaphu wemiphunga?
• Ukujamelana nomhlaza wemiphunga

Yintoni umhlaza wemiphunga?

Xa umhlaza ukhula, uhlala ubakho kwindawo enye okanye kwilungu lomzimba. Lo mmandla waziwa njengeyona ndawo iphambili. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiseli emzimbeni, iiseli zomhlaza zinokuqhekeka kwindawo yokuqala kwaye ziye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Iiseli zomhlaza zinokuhamba emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwegazi okanye inkqubo ye-lymph. Inkqubo ye-lymph yenziwe ngemikhumbi ethwala ulwelo kwaye ixhasa amajoni omzimba. Xa iiseli zomhlaza zisiya kwamanye amalungu emzimbeni, ibizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis.

Umhlaza odibanisa imiphunga yimeko esongela ubomi ekhula xa umhlaza kwenye indawo yomzimba usasazeka emiphungeni. Umhlaza okhula nakweyiphi na indawo ephambili unokwenza amathumba emastastatic.

Ezi tumors ziyakwazi ukusasazeka kwimiphunga. Izidumbu zokuqala ezithi zisasazeke kwimiphunga zibandakanya:

• umhlaza wesinyi
• umhlaza webele
• umhlaza wamathumbu
• umhlaza wezintso
• neuroblastoma
• umhlaza wedlala lobudoda
• isarcoma
• Ithumba likaWilms

Ziziphi iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wemiphunga?

Umhlaza wemiphunga yemetastatic ayisoloko ibangela iimpawu. Xa iimpawu zikhula, kunokuba nzima ukuzibona. Kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zinokufana neemeko zempilo ngaphandle komhlaza.

Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wemiphunga sinokubandakanya:

• ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo
• ukukhohlela igazi okanye i-phlegm enegazi
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukuvutha
• ubuthathaka
• ukunciphisa umzimba ngesiquphe

Uqala njani umhlaza wemiphunga wemiphunga?

Ukuze iiseli zomhlaza zidibanise, kufuneka zitshintshe ezininzi. Okokuqala, iiseli kufuneka ziphume kwindawo yokuqala kwaye zifumane indlela yokungena kwigazi okanye kwinkqubo ye-lymph.

Nje ukuba babe kwinkqubo yegazi okanye ye-lymph, iiseli zomhlaza kufuneka zinamathele kwinqanawa eya kubavumela ukuba bafudukele kwilungu elitsha. Kwimeko yomhlaza wemiphunga yemastastatic, iiseli zomhlaza ziya emiphungeni.

Xa iiseli zifika emiphungeni, kuya kufuneka zitshintshe kwakhona ukuze zikhule kwindawo entsha. Iiseli kufuneka zikwazi ukusinda kuhlaselo lomzimba.

Lonke olu tshintsho lwenza umhlaza we-metastatic owahlukileyo kumhlaza wokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu banokuba neentlobo ezimbini zomhlaza.

Ufumanisa njani umhlaza wemiphunga wemiphunga?

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ayalele iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda ukuba umhlaza we-metastatic urhanelwa.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo, olufana:

• I-X-ray yesifuba. Olu vavanyo lwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha yemiphunga.
• Ukuskena i-CT. Olu vavanyo luvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo, enqamlezileyo yemiphunga.
• I-biopsy yenalung yemiphunga. Ugqirha wakho ususa isampulu encinci yethishu yemiphunga yohlalutyo.
• Bronchoscopy. Ugqirha wakho unokujonga ngokuthe ngqo zonke izakhiwo ezenza inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla, kubandakanya nemiphunga, ngekhamera encinci kunye nokukhanya.

Uphathwa njani umhlaza wemiphunga wemiphunga?

Injongo yonyango kukulawula ukukhula komhlaza okanye ukunciphisa naziphi na iimpawu. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo. Isicwangciso sakho sonyango esithile siya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• iminyaka yakho
• impilo yakho iyonke
• imbali yakho yonyango
• uhlobo lwethumba lokuqala
• indawo yethumba
• ubungakanani bethumba
• inani lamathumba

I-Chemotherapy ihlala isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza we-metastatic kwimiphunga. Olu nyango lweziyobisi lunceda ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezinomhlaza emzimbeni. Kukhetho olukhethwayo kunyango xa umhlaza uhambele phambili kwaye usasazeke kwamanye amalungu emzimbeni.

Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe izicubu zemastas emiphungeni. Oku kuqhele ukwenziwa ukuba umntu ebesele ekhutshiwe ithumba lakhe lokuqala okanye ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezinamaphaphu.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa:

• Imitha. Imitha yamandla aphezulu inciphisa amathumba kwaye ibulale iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lweLaser. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kuphelisa amathumba kunye neeseli zomhlaza.
• Isenti. Ugqirha wakho ubeka iityhubhu ezincinci kwiindlela zomoya ukuze zihlale zivulekile.

Unyango lovavanyo lomhlaza we-metastatic lukwakhona. Iinkqubo zokufudumeza zingasetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni. Amachiza e-Chemotherapy anokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo echaphazelekayo yomphunga oqukethe ithumba le-metastatic.

Unokufumana uvavanyo lwezonyango kwindawo yakho kwi-ClinicalTrials.gov.

Yiyiphi imbonakalo yexesha elide kubantu abanomdlavuza wemiphunga?

Umbono wakho wexesha elide uya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba lakho lokuqala. Kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Eminye imihlaza esasazeka kwimiphunga inokunyangeka kakhulu ngamachiza ngamayeza.

Izidumba zaseprayimari kwizintso, ikholoni, okanye isinyi ezisasazeka emiphungeni ngamanye amaxesha zisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngoqhaqho.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza we-metastatic awunakuphiliswa. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokunceda ukwandisa ubomi bakho kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Unokuthintelwa njani umhlaza wamaphaphu wemiphunga?

Kunzima kakhulu ukuthintela umhlaza we-metastatic emiphungeni. Abaphandi basebenza kunyango lokuthintela, kodwa akukho nto iqhelekileyo ukwenziwa okwangoku.

Isinyathelo esinye ekuthinteleni umdlavuza we-metastatic kukhawuleza kunye nokunyanga ngempumelelo umhlaza wakho wokuqala.

Ukujamelana nomhlaza wemiphunga

Kubalulekile ukuba nenethiwekhi yenkxaso eyomeleleyo enokukunceda ujongane nalo naluphi na uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo onokuba uziva ngalo.

Unokufuna ukuthetha nomcebisi okanye ujoyine iqela lenkxaso yomhlaza apho unokuxoxa malunga neenkxalabo zakho nabanye abanokuhambelana noko uhlangabezana nako. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga namaqela enkxaso kwindawo yakho.

Iiwebhusayithi zeAmerican Cancer Society zikwabonelela ngezixhobo kunye nolwazi kumaqela enkxaso.