Abacebisi be-NICU kunye nabasebenzi benkxaso

I-NICU iyunithi ekhethekileyo esibhedlele kwiintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwexesha, kusasa kakhulu, okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango ezinzulu. Uninzi lweentsana ezizalwe kwangethuba ziya kufuna inkathalelo eyodwa emva kokuzalwa.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngabacebisi kunye nabasebenzi benkxaso abanokuthi bathathe inxaxheba ekunyamekeleni usana lwakho ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zonyango lwakho.

ISAZIMALI

Isazi ngeengcali siqeqeshelwe ukuvavanya ukuva komntwana kwaye sinike ukhathalelo olulandelayo kwabo baneengxaki zokuva. Uninzi lweentsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ziye kuvavanywa iindlebe ngaphambi kokuba baphume esibhedlele. Ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo baya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uvavanyo lokuva olulungileyo. Uvavanyo lokuva lunokwenziwa nasemva kokuphuma esibhedlele.

UMNTU ONGENXULUMISANA NEZIFUNDO

I-cardiologist ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni isifo sentliziyo kunye negazi. Iingcali zentliziyo ziqeqeshelwe ukujongana neengxaki zentliziyo ezisanda kuzalwa. Ugqirha wezifo zentliziyo unokuluvavanya olu sana, aodole uvavanyo, kwaye afunde iziphumo zovavanyo. Uvavanyo lokuchonga iimeko zentliziyo lunokubandakanya:

• X-reyi
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Echocardiogram
• Ukucinywa kwentliziyo

Ukuba ulwakhiwo lwentliziyo aluqhelekanga ngenxa yesiphene sokuzalwa, ugqirha wezinto ezinokusebenza kunye noogqirha wentliziyo ukwenza uqhaqho entliziyweni.

SURGEON YEKHAYA

Ugqirha wentliziyo (yentliziyo) ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekwenzeni utyando ukulungisa okanye ukunyanga iziphene zentliziyo. Oogqirha botyando besifo sentliziyo baqeqeshelwa ukujongana neengxaki zentliziyo ezisanda kuzalwa.

Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando lunokulungisa ingxaki yentliziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulungiswa okupheleleyo akunakwenzeka kwaye utyando lwenziwa nje ukwenza intliziyo isebenze ngokusemandleni. Ugqirha uya kusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye ne-cardiologist ukunyamekela umntwana ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

UGqirha wesayensi

Ugqirha wesikhumba ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwizifo nakwimeko zolusu, iinwele kunye neenzipho. Ugqirha onjalo unokucelwa ukuba ajonge irhashalala okanye ulusu kulusu esibhedlele. Kwezinye iimeko, i-dermatologist ingathatha isampuli yesikhumba, ebizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy. I-dermatologist inokuphinda isebenze kunye ne-pathologist ukuze ifunde iziphumo ze-biopsy.

UPHUHLISO LWASEKHAYA

Uphuhliso lwabantwana ngugqirha oqeqeshelwe ngokukodwa ukufumanisa nokunyamekela iintsana ezinengxaki yokwenza into enokwenziwa ngabantwana abakwiminyaka yabo. Olu hlobo logqirha luhlala luvavanya iintsana esele zigodukile zivela kwi-NICU kwaye ziya kuyalela okanye zenze uvavanyo lophuhliso. Ugqirha unokukunceda ufumane izixhobo ezikufutshane nekhaya lakho ezibonelela ngonyango ukunceda iintsana kunye nabantwana ekuhlangabezaneni neziganeko zophuhliso. Uphuhliso loogqirha babantwana basebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye neengcali zabongikazi, iiphysical therapists, i-therapists, ngamanye amaxesha i-neurologists.

UDETYITI

Ingcali ngezidlo inoqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwinkxaso yesondlo (ukondla). Olu hlobo lomboneleli lunokugxininisa kunyango lwabantwana (abantwana) lokondla. Abadli bezidlo banceda ekuboneni ukuba ngaba umntwana wakho ufumana izakhamzimba ezaneleyo, kwaye banokucebisa ngezinye iindlela zokondla ezinokunikwa ngegazi okanye ityhubhu yokondla.

ISAZISO NGOKUGQIBELA

I-endocrinologist yabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni iintsana ezinengxaki yehomoni. Iingcali ze-Endocrinologists zinokucelwa ukuba zibone iintsana ezinengxaki yenqanaba leetyuwa okanye iswekile emzimbeni, okanye ezinengxaki ekukhuleni kwamadlala athile kunye namalungu esini.

IGASTROENTEROLOGIST

I-gastroenterologist yabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni iintsana ezineengxaki zenkqubo yokwetyisa (isisu namathumbu) kunye nesibindi. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone umntwana oneengxaki zokugaya okanye zesibindi. Iimvavanyo, ezinje ngee-x-reyi, iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wesibindi, okanye ii-ultrasound zesisu, zinokwenziwa.

IGENETIKI

Ugqirha wezofuzo ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni iintsana ezineemeko ezizalwe nazo (njengelifa), kubandakanya iingxaki ze-chromosomal okanye ii-syndromes. Uvavanyo, olufana nohlalutyo lwe-chromosome, izifundo ze-metabolic, kunye nee-ultrasound, zinokwenziwa.

I-HEMATOLOGIST-ONCOLOGIST

I-hematologist-oncologist yabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni abantwana abanengxaki yegazi kunye neentlobo zomhlaza. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone umntu ngeengxaki zokopha ngenxa yeeplatelet ezisezantsi okanye ezinye izinto ezijiyisayo. Uvavanyo, njengokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi okanye izifundo ezijiyileyo, zinoku-odolwa.

INGCALI ESIQHELEKILEYO YESIFO

Ingcali yesifo esosulelayo ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni izifo. Banokucelwa ukuba babone umntwana oba nosulelo olungaqhelekanga okanye olubi. Usulelo kwiintsana lunokubandakanya usulelo lwegazi okanye usulelo lobuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo.

INGCALI YAMAYEZA KUMAMA OKUBELEKILEYO

Ugqirha woomama abakhulelweyo (i-perinatologist) yingcali yokubelekisa enoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekunyamekeleni abasetyhini abakumngcipheko ophezulu. Umngcipheko ophezulu kuthetha ukuba kukho amathuba anyukayo eengxaki. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokukhathalela abantu basetyhini abasebenza ngaphambi kwexesha, ukukhulelwa okuninzi (amawele okanye nangaphezulu), uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye isifo seswekile.

UMSEBENZI WONYANGO WONYANGO (NENATAL)

Iingcali zabongikazi abasaNonatal (NNP) ngoonesi abaqhuba phambili abanamava ongezelelweyo kukhathalelo lweentsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ukongeza ekugqibeni iinkqubo zemfundo yenqanaba lobugqirha. I-NNP isebenza kunye neonatologist ukuxilonga nokunyanga iingxaki zempilo kwiintsana kwi-NICU. I-NNP ikwaqhuba iinkqubo zokunceda ekuchongeni nasekulawuleni iimeko ezithile.

NEPHROLOGIST

I-nephrologist yabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni abantwana abaneengxaki zezintso kunye nenkqubo yokuchama. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone umntwana onengxaki ekukhuleni kwezintso okanye ekuncedeni ukukhathalela umntwana onezintso ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Ukuba umntwana ufuna utyando lwezintso, i-nephrologist iya kusebenza nogqirha okanye ugqirha.

ISAZULU NGENZULULWAZI NGU-NEUROLOGIST

I-neurologist yabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni abantwana abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, imithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone usana olunokuxhuzula okanye ukopha kwingqondo. Ukuba usana lufuna uqhaqho lwengxaki ebuchotsheni okanye kumqolo, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo unokusebenza ne-neurosurgeon.

NEUROSURGEON

I-neurosurgeon yabantwana ngugqirha oqeqeshwe njengotyando osebenza kwiingqondo zabantwana kunye neentambo zomqolo. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone umntwana oneengxaki, ezinje nge-spina bifida, ukwaphuka kokakayi, okanye i-hydrocephalus.

OSTETRICIAN

Ingcali yokubelekisa ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekunyamekeleni abasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokunceda abasetyhini abazama ukukhulelwa kwaye balandele abasetyhini abaneemeko zonyango, ezinje ngeswekile okanye ukunciphisa ukukhula komntwana.

NGOKUFUNDA NGOKUFUNDA NGOKUFUNDA NGOKUFANELEYO

I-ophthalmologist yabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni iingxaki zamehlo ebantwaneni. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone umntwana onesiphene sokuzalwa kwiso.

Ugqirha wamehlo uza kujonga ngaphakathi kweliso lomntwana ukufumanisa isifo se-retinopathy prematurity. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu hlobo logqirha lunokwenza i-laser okanye olunye utyando lokulungisa emehlweni.

USETYHULA WOBUGCISA

Ugqirha wamathambo wabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni abantwana abaneemeko ezibandakanya amathambo abo. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone umntwana onesiphene kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni, ukususwa kwenyonga (dysplasia), okanye ukwaphuka kwamathambo. Ukubona amathambo, oogqirha bamathambo banokuyalela ii-ultrasound okanye i-x-ray. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokwenza utyando okanye bafake isamente.

UMNTU OSTOMY

Umongikazi we-ostomy ngumongikazi onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekunyamekeleni amanxeba esikhumba kunye nokuvuleka kwindawo yesisu apho isiphelo samathumbu okanye inkqubo yokuqokelela kwezintso iphuma khona. Indawo enjalo ibizwa ngokuba yi-ostomy. I-Ostomies ziziphumo zotyando olufunekayo ukunyanga iingxaki ezininzi zamathumbu, ezinje ngecrotizing enterocolitis. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuyaxoxwa nabongikazi be-ostomy ukunceda ekunyamekeleni amanxeba anzima.

I-OTOLARYNGOLOGIST / INDLELA YEMPUMLO YEMPUMLO (ENT) INGCALI

I-otolaryngologist yabantwana ikwabizwa ngokuba yindlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala (ENT). Lo ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni abantwana abaneengxaki ngendlebe, impumlo, umqala kunye neendlela zomoya. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone usana olunengxaki yokuphefumla okanye ukuvaleka kwempumlo.

OONYANGO BOKUSEBENZA / WOKUPHILA / WOKUTHETHA (OT / PT / ST)

Abaphandi bokusebenza kunye nabasemzimbeni (i-OT / PT) ziingcali ngoqeqesho oluphambili ekusebenzeni neentsana ezineemfuno zophuhliso. Lo msebenzi ubandakanya kuvavanyo lwe-neurobehaisheral (ithoni yasemva kwendalo, iingcinga, iipateni zokuhamba, kunye neempendulo ekusingatheni). Ukongeza, iingcali ze-OT / PT ziya kunceda ukumisela ukulungela ukondla umntwana ngengono kunye nezakhono zomlomo-zemoto. Abanyangi bokuthetha baya kunceda kwizakhono zokondla kwamanye amaziko. Ezi ntlobo zababoneleli zinokucelwa ukuba zibonelele ngemfundo yosapho kunye nenkxaso.

UPHANDOZONZULULWAZI

I-pathologist ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo kuvavanyo lweelebhu kunye nokuhlolwa kwezicubu zomzimba. Bajongana nelabhoratri apho kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi zonyango. Baphinde bavavanye izicubu phantsi kwemicroscope efumaneka ngexesha lotyando okanye utyando lwesidumbu.

UMDEDI

Ugqirha wabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olulodwa kunyango lweentsana nabantwana. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone umntwana kwi-NICU, kodwa ihlala ibonelela ngononophelo olusisiseko kusana olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Ugqirha wabantwana ubonelela ngononophelo lokuqala kubantwana abaninzi emva kokuba beshiye i-NICU.

PHLEBOTOMIST

I-phlebotomist yingcali eqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ethatha igazi lakho. Olu hlobo lomboneleli lunokuthatha igazi kumthambo okanye isithende somntwana.

IPULMONOLOGIST

I-pulmonologist yabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni abantwana ngemeko yokuphefumla (yokuphefumla). Nangona i-neonatologist ikhathalela iintsana ezininzi ezinengxaki yokuphefumla, ugqirha we-pulmonologist unokucelwa ukuba abone okanye ancede ukukhathalela iintsana ezineemeko ezingaqhelekanga zemiphunga.

URADI WENKCAZO

I-radiologist ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekufumaneni nasekufundeni ii-ray kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje nge-barium enemas kunye ne-ultrasound. Iingcali ze-radiologists zabantwana zinoqeqesho olongezelelweyo ekucingeni abantwana.

I-RESERAPIST YOKUPHILA (RT)

Iingcali zokuphefumula (i-RTs) ziqeqeshelwe ukuhambisa unyango oluninzi entliziyweni nasemiphungeni. Ii-RTs zibandakanyeka ngokubonakalayo kwiintsana ezineengxaki zokuphefumla, ezinje ngesifo sokuphefumla okanye i-bronchopulmonary dysplasia. I-RT inokuba yingcali ye-membrane ye-oxygenation (ECMO) engaphezulu koqeqesho oluqhubekayo.

ABASEBENZI BENTLALO

Oonontlalontle ziingcali zemfundo eyodwa kunye noqeqesho lokuchonga iimfuno zengqondo, ezemvakalelo nezemali zeentsapho. Banceda iintsapho ukuba zifumane kwaye zilungelelanise izixhobo esibhedlele nasekuhlaleni eziza kunceda ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo. Oonontlalontle bayanceda ekucwangciseni ukukhutshwa.

UROLOGI

Ugqirha womchamo wabantwana ngugqirha onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni iimeko ezibandakanya inkqubo yokuchama ebantwaneni. Olu hlobo logqirha lunokucelwa ukuba lubone umntwana oneemeko ezifana ne-hydronephrosis okanye i-hypospadias. Kwezinye iimeko, baya kusebenza ngokusondeleyo nephrologist.

X-RAY UBUGCISA

Uchwepheshe weX-ray uqeqeshelwe ukuthatha ii-x-reyi. I-X-ray ingaba yesifuba, isisu, okanye i-pelvis. Ngamanye amaxesha, izisombululo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amalungu omzimba abonakale lula, njengakwi-enemarium ye-barium. IX-reyi yamathambo nazo ziqhele ukwenziwa kwiintsana ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Unyango lwabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa - abacebisi kunye nabasebenzi benkxaso; Icandelo lokhathalelo olunamandla lweNeonatal - abacebisi kunye nabasebenzi benkxaso

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I-Kilbaugh TJ, i-Zwass M, i-Ross P. Unyango lwabantwana kunye ne-neonatal. Ku: Miller RD, ed. I-Anesthesia kaMiller. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 95.

UMartin RJ, uFanaroff AA, uWalsh MC, ii-eds. I-Fanaroff kunye ne-Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Izifo ze-Fetus ne-Infant. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.