Ukutyeba kobunzima beNonatal kunye nesondlo

Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha kufuneka zifumane isondlo esifanelekileyo ukuze zikhule ngesantya esikufutshane neso seentsana ezisesibelekweni.

Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphantsi kweeveki ezingama-37 zokukhulelwa (ngaphambi kwexesha) zineemfuno zokondla ezahlukeneyo kunentsana ezizalwe ngexesha elipheleleyo (emva kweeveki ezingama-38).

Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwexesha zihlala zihlala kwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu lwe-neonatal (NICU). Bajongwe ngocoselelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwamanzi kunye nesondlo.

Incubators okanye ukufudumala okukhethekileyo kunceda iintsana ukuba zigcine iqondo lobushushu lomzimba wazo. Oku kunciphisa amandla abantwana abawasebenzisayo ukuze bahlale beshushu. Umoya ofumileyo nawo usetyenziselwa ukubanceda bagcine iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni kwaye baphephe ukulahleka kolwelo.

IMIBA YOKONDLA

Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-34 ukuya kwezingama-37 zihlala zineengxaki zokondla kwibhotile okanye ebeleni. Kungenxa yokuba abakakhuli ngokwaneleyo ukuze balungelelanise ukuncancisa, ukuphefumla nokuginya.

Esinye isifo sinokuphazamisa ukukwazi kosana ukondla ngomlomo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Iingxaki zokuphefumla
• Amanqanaba eoksijini asezantsi
• Iingxaki zokujikeleza
• Usulelo lwegazi

Iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezincinci okanye ezigulayo zisenokufuna ukutya okunesondlo kunye nolwelo ngomthambo (IV).

Ngokuya besomelela, bangaqala ukufumana ubisi okanye ubisi olungumgubo ngombhobho oya esiswini ngeempumlo okanye emlonyeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukutya kwe-gavage. Inani lobisi okanye ubisi olungumgubo luyonyuswa kancinci kancinci, ngakumbi kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwamathumbu olubizwa ngokuba yi-necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Iintsana ezondliwa ngobisi lomntu kunqabile ukuba zifumane i-NEC.

Iintsana ezingafikanga ngaphambi kwexesha (ezizalwe emva kweeveki ezingama-34 ukuya kwezingama-37 ukumitha) zihlala zondliwa ngebhotile okanye ebeleni likanina. Iintsana ngaphambi kwexesha zinokuba nexesha elilula lokuncancisa kunokondla ngebhotile ekuqaleni. Kungenxa yokuba ukuhamba kwibhotile kunzima kubo ukulawula kwaye banokumisa okanye bayeke ukuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, banokuba neengxaki zokugcina ukutsalwa ngokufanelekileyo kwibele ukuze bafumane ubisi olwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nabantwana abasele bekhulile banokufuna ukondliwa kwe-gavage kwezinye iimeko.

IIMFUNO ZESONDLO

Iintsana zokuqala zinexesha elinzima lokugcina ulungelelwaniso lwamanzi olufanelekileyo kwimizimba yazo. Ezi ntsana zinokuphelelwa ngamanzi okanye zibe ne-hydrated engaphezulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha.

• Iintsana zangaphambi kwexesha zingaphulukana namanzi amaninzi ngesikhumba okanye kumgudu wokuphefumla kunabantwana abazalwe ngexesha elipheleleyo.
• Izintso kusana olungekazalwa azikakhuli ngokwaneleyo ukulawula amanqanaba amanzi emzimbeni.
• Iqela le-NICU ligcina umkhondo wokuba zingaphi na iintsana ezingaphambi kokuchama (ngokulinganisa ii-diapers) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba imveliso yazo yokuchama kunye nokuchama ilinganisiwe.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi luyenziwa kwakhona ukujonga amanqanaba e-electrolyte.

Ubisi lomntu oluvela kumama wosana lolona lubalaseleyo kubantwana abazelwe kwangethuba kwaye benesisindo esiphantsi kakhulu sokuzalwa.

• Ubisi lomntu lunokukhusela iintsana kusulelo kunye nokufa ngesiquphe kwesifo sokufa kweentsana (SIDS) kunye ne-NEC.
• Uninzi lwe-NICU luya kunika ubisi olunikelayo ukusuka kwibhanki yobisi kwiintsana ezinobungozi obungenakufumana ubisi olwaneleyo kunina.
• Iifomula ezizodwa zokuqala zinokusetyenziswa. Ezi fomyula zine-calcium eyongezelelweyo kunye neeproteni zokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezizodwa zokukhula kweentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Iintsana ezindala ngaphambi kwexesha (iiveki ezingama-34 ukuya kuma-36 zokukhulelwa) zinokutshintshelwa kwifomula eqhelekileyo okanye kwifomula yotshintsho.

Iintsana ezingaphambi kokuzalwa azikho esibelekweni ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingagcina izakhamzimba eziyidingayo kwaye zihlala zithatha izongezo.

• Iintsana ezinikwa ubisi lwebele zingadinga isongezelelo esibizwa ngokuba sisigcina-manzi sobisi esixutywe kukutya kwazo. Oku kubanika iiproteni, iikhalori, i-iron, i-calcium, kunye neevithamini. Iintsana ezondla ifomula zisenokufuna ukuthatha izongezo zezakhamzimba ezithile, kubandakanya iivithamini A, C, kunye no-D, kunye nefolic acid.
• Olunye usana luya kufuna ukuqhubeka nokuthatha izongezo zesondlo emva kokuba bemkile esibhedlele. Ukuncancisa iintsana, oku kunokuthetha ukuba yibhotile okanye ezimbini zobisi lwebele oluqinileyo ngemini kunye nentsimbi kunye nevithamin D eyongezwayo Ezinye iintsana ziya kufuna ukongezwa ngaphezulu kunabanye. Oku kunokubandakanya iintsana ezingakwaziyo ukuthatha umthamo owaneleyo wobisi ngokuncancisa ukufumana iikhalori eziyifunayo ukuze zikhule kakuhle.
• Emva kwesondlo ngasinye, abantwana kufuneka babonakale bonelisekile. Kuya kufuneka babe ne-8 ukuya kwi-10 yokutyisa kwaye ubuncinci i-6 ukuya kwi-8 yamanabukeni manzi suku ngalunye. Amanzi amnyama okanye amagazi angcolileyo okanye ukugabha rhoqo kunokubonisa ingxaki.

UKUTYEBA KWAKHO

Ukutyeba kubekwa esweni ngokusondeleyo kubo bonke abantwana. Iintsana zaphambi kwexesha ezinokukhula kancinci zibonakala ngathi zilibazisekile ukukhula kuphando.

• Kwi-NICU, iintsana zilinganiswa yonke imihla.
• Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana zinciphise umzimba kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi. Uninzi lwale lahleko bubunzima bamanzi.
• Uninzi lweentsana ezingaphambi kwexesha kufuneka ziqale ukufumana ubunzima kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa zokuzalwa.

Ukufumana ubunzima obunqwenelekayo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomntwana kunye nobudala bokukhulelwa. Iintsana ezigulayo zingadinga ukunikwa iikhalori ezininzi ukuze zikhule ngendlela oyifunayo.

• Kungabancinci kangange-5 gram ngosuku kusana oluncinci kwiiveki ezingama-24, okanye iigram ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-30 ngosuku kusana olukhulu kwiiveki ezingama-33 okanye nangaphezulu.
• Ngokubanzi, usana kufuneka luzuze malunga nekota yeewunce (iigrama ezingama-30) yonke imihla ngeponti nganye (1/2 yeekhilogram) ezinobunzima. (Oku kulingana ne-15 gram ngekhilogremu ngosuku. Ngumyinge ophakathi wokukhula kosana olungekazalwa ngexesha lesithathu lesithathu).

Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha azishiyi esibhedlele zide zibe nomzimba ngokuthe chu kunye nakwindawo yokulala evulekileyo endaweni yesifukamisi. Ezinye izibhedlele zinomthetho wokuba umntwana makalinganise ubunzima obungakanani ngaphambi kokuba aye ekhaya, kodwa oku kuya kusiba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, iintsana ubuncinci ziikhilogram ezi-2 (2 kilograms) ngaphambi kokuba zikulungele ukuphuma kwi-incubator.

Ukutya okutsha; Izidingo zesondlo-iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha

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