Umhlaza womhlaza

Umhlaza womhlaza ngumhlaza oqala kwi-anus. I-anus kukuvulwa ekupheleni kweerum yakho. I-rectum yinxalenye yokugqibela yamathumbu akho amakhulu apho kugcinwa khona inkunkuma eqinileyo yokutya (isitulo). I-Stool ishiya umzimba wakho nge-anus xa uhamba ngokuhamba.

Umhlaza womhlaza awuqhelekanga. Isasazeka kancinci kwaye kulula ukuyinyanga ngaphambi kokuba isasazeke.

Umhlaza womhlaza ungaqala naphi na kwi-anus. Apho iqala khona igqiba uhlobo lomhlaza ekulo.

• I-squamous cell carcinoma. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wangasemva. Iqala kwiiseli ezihambelana nomsele wangasemva kwaye zikhule ziye kwizicwili ezinzulu.
• I-Cloacogenic carcinoma. Phantse zonke ezinye iicancer zomhlaza zizidumba eziqala kwiiseli ezingqonge indawo phakathi kwe-anus kunye ne-rectum. ICloacogenic carcinoma ijongeka ngokwahlukileyo kunee-squamous cell cancer, kodwa iziphatha ngokufanayo kwaye inyangwa ngokufanayo.
• Adenocarcinoma. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wangasemva lunqabile eMelika. Iqala kwiincindi zamadlala ezantsi kobuso basemva kwaye ihlala ihambela phambili xa ifunyenwe.
• Umhlaza wolusu. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zangaphandle kwe-anus kwindawo yeperianal. Lo mmandla ikakhulu ulusu. Amathumba apha ngumhlaza wolusu kwaye aphathwa njengomhlaza wolusu.

Unobangela womhlaza wangasemva awucaci. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ikhonkco phakathi komhlaza wangasemva kunye nepapillomavirus yomntu okanye usulelo lwe-HPV. I-HPV yintsholongwane eyosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo edityaniswe neminye imihlaza.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• Usulelo lwe-HIV / AIDS. Umhlaza womhlaza uxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda ane-HIV / AIDS abelana ngesondo namanye amadoda.
• Umsebenzi wesondo. Ukuba namaqabane amaninzi owabelana nawo ngesondo kunye nokuba neentlobano zesini ezimpundu zombini ziyingozi enkulu. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokwanda komngcipheko we-HPV kunye ne-HIV / AIDS.
• Ukutshaya. Ukuyeka kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wangasemva.
• Amajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo, ukufakelwa kwamalungu, amayeza athile, kunye nezinye iimeko ezenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba kwandisa umngcipheko.
• Ubudala. Uninzi lwabantu abanomdlavuza womhlaza baneminyaka engama-50 okanye ngaphezulu. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kubonakala kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35.
• Isini kunye nobuhlanga. Umhlaza wesifo uxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini kunamadoda kumaqela amaninzi. Amadoda amaninzi ase-Afrika aseMelika afumana umhlaza wangasemva kunabafazi.

Ukuphuma kwegazi ngokufuthi, kuhlala kuncinci, yenye yeempawu zokuqala zomhlaza wangasemva. Rhoqo, umntu ngempazamo ucinga ukuba ukopha kubangelwa ziihemorrhoids.

Ezinye iimpawu zokuqala kunye neempawu zibandakanya:

• Iqhuma elingaphakathi okanye elikufuphi
• Iintlungu zangasese
• Ukurhawuzelela
• Ukukhupha kwi-anus
• Guqula imikhwa yamathumbu
• I-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo kwi-groin okanye kummandla we-anal

Umhlaza womhlaza uhlala ufumaneka kuvavanyo lweedigital rectal (DRE) ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kubuza malunga nembali yakho yezempilo, kubandakanya nembali yezesondo, izifo ezidlulileyo, kunye nemikhwa yakho yezempilo. Iimpendulo zakho zinokunceda umboneleli wakho aqonde umngcipheko wakho womhlaza wangasemva.

Umboneleli wakho unokucela olunye uvavanyo. Banokubandakanya:

• Anoscopy
• Iproctoscopy
• I-Ultrasound
• Uqhaqho

Ukuba naluphi na uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba unawo umhlaza, umboneleli wakho uya kuthi enze uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze "abeke" umhlaza. Ukubeka esiteji kunceda ukubonisa ukuba umhlaza ungakanani emzimbeni wakho nokuba sele usasazekile na.

Indlela umhlaza ohlelwe ngayo uya kuqinisekisa ukuba uphathwa njani.

Unyango lomhlaza ezimpundu lusekwe:

• Inqanaba lomhlaza
• Apho likhona ithumba
• Nokuba unayo i-HIV / AIDS okanye ezinye iimeko ezenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba
• Nokuba umhlaza uxhathise unyango lokuqala okanye ubuyile

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza wangasemva ongasasazekiyo unokunyangwa ngonyango lwemitha kunye nonyango ngamayeza kunye. Imitha yodwa inganyanga umhlaza. Kodwa idosi ephezulu efunekayo inokubangela ukufa kwezicwili kunye nezicwili ezibomvu. Sebenzisa i-chemotherapy nge-radiation yehlisa ithamo lemitha efunekayo. Oku kusebenza ngokunyanga umhlaza kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa.

Kwamathumba amancinci kakhulu, utyando lulodwa luqhele ukusetyenziswa, endaweni yemitha kunye neyeza lokunyanga ngamayeza.

Ukuba umhlaza uhlala emva kwemitha kunye nekhemotherapy, kufuneka kwenziwe utyando. Oku kunokubandakanya ukususa i-anus, i-rectum, kunye nenxalenye yekholoni. Isiphelo esitsha samathumbu amakhulu siya kuthi ke siqhotyoshelwe kwindawo yokuvula (stoma) esiswini. Inkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-colostomy. Ilindle elihamba ngokuntywila emathunjini ngestoma ukuya kwingxowa eqhotyoshelwe esiswini.

Umhlaza uchaphazela indlela oziva ngayo ngawe kunye nobomi bakho. Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava aqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda uzive ulilolo.

Unokucela umboneleli wakho okanye abasebenzi kwiziko lonyango lomhlaza ukuba bakuthumele kwiqela lokuxhasa umhlaza.

Umhlaza wesisu usasazeka kancinci. Ngonyango lwakwangoko, uninzi lwabantu abanomhlaza wangasemva abanawo umhlaza emva kweminyaka emi-5.

Unokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zotyando, ichemotherapy, okanye unyango ngemitha.

Jonga umboneleli wakho ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezinokubakho zomhlaza wangasemva, ngakumbi ukuba unazo naziphi na izinto ezinobungozi kuzo.

Kuba unobangela womhlaza wangasemva awaziwa, akunakwenzeka ukuba uwuthintele ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ungathatha amanyathelo ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

• Ziqhelanise nokwabelana ngesondo okukhuselekileyo ukunceda ukuthintela ukusuleleka yi-HPV kunye ne-HIV / AIDS. Abantu abalala ngesondo namaqabane amaninzi okanye ababelana ngesondo ezimpundu ngokungakhuselekanga basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana olu sulelo. Ukusebenzisa iikhondom kunokunika ukhuseleko oluthile, kodwa kungabikho ukhuseleko olupheleleyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nokukhetha kwakho.
• Buza umboneleli wakho malunga nogonyo lwe-HPV kwaye ukuba ufanele ukulifumana na.
• Musa ukutshaya. Ukuba uyatshaya, ukuyeka kunokuwunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wangasemva kunye nezinye izifo.

Umhlaza - umva; Squamous cell carcinoma - iimpundu; Umhlaza we-HPV-umhlaza

IHallemeier CL, iHaddock MG. I-anal carcinoma. Ku: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, ii-eds. Gunderson kunye neTepper's Clinical Radiation Oncology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 59.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lomhlaza ophathwayo-inguqulelo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/anal/hp/anal-kunyanga-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 22, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 19, 2020.

UShridhar R, uShibata D, uKhan E, uThomas CR. Umhlaza wesifo: imigangatho yangoku kukhathalelo kunye notshintsho lwamva nje ekusebenzeni. Umhlaza kwi-CA. 2015; 65 (2): 139-162. IINKCUKACHA: 25582527 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25582527/.